| 韦礼飞 1，2，杨 磊 2，罗海华 1，2，夏绍南 2.江西棉花生产状况分析与发展建议[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(12):143-149 |
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江西棉花生产状况分析与发展建议 |
| Analysis on cotton production in Jiangxi province and countermeasures for its development |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.12.024 |
| 中文关键词: 江西 棉花生产 影响因素 相关分析 对策建议 |
| 英文关键词: Jiangxi cotton production influencing factors correlation analysis countermeasures |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-15-36）；江西农业科研协同创新项目
（JXXTCX2015003-009） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过综合分析江西省近年棉花生产状况及变化，进一步了解江西棉花生产现状及所面临的问
题。利用《中国棉花景气报告》中江西省棉花生长指数（CCGI）和国家统计局的相关数据以及江西省棉
花研究所的监测数据，从种植面积、生长指数、产量、成本和收益等方面对江西棉花生产进行综合分析。
结果表明：近年来，江西省棉花生产种植面积从 1994 年历史最高的 163 300 hm2 下降至 2017 年的 50 600
hm2，近 5 年下降明显，生长指数年度间变化幅度大；皮棉单产和总产均于 2012 年达到最高值，分别为
1 790 kg/hm2 和 15.2 万 t；种植总成本从 2009 年 15 411.8 元 /hm2 直线上升至 2011 年的 29 940.0 元 /hm2，
且主要是由于人工成本逐年攀升；籽棉单价从 2010 年 11.3 元 /kg 急剧下降至 2015 年 5.5 元 /kg，降幅高达
51.3%，收益从 2010 年 30 100.9 元 / hm2 逐年下降甚至出现负效应；进一步分析表明籽棉单价和劳动力成
本的高低与农民种植棉花的收益和积极性密切相关。国家需加大棉花目标价格补贴力度，棉花生产应朝着
轻简化和机械化方向发展，并提出了相关建议和对策以提振江西棉花生产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Through comprehensively analyzing the status and changes of Jiangxi’s cotton production in recent
years, the current situation and problems of cotton production in Jiangxi can be further understood. Based on the data
of Jiangxi cotton growth index (CCGI), National Bureau of Statistics and monitoring data of Jiangxi Cotton Research
Institute in "China cotton prosperity report", Jiangxi cotton production was comprehensively analyzed from the aspects
of planting area, growth index, yield, cost and benefit. The results showed that in recent years the planting area in
Jiangxi decreased from 1 633 300 hm2 in 1994 (the highest in history) to 50 600 hm2 in 2017. In recent 5 years, it had
decreased significantly and the annual growth index has varied greatly. Both lint yield and total production reached
their highest values in 2012, at 1 790 kg/hm2 and 152 000 tons, respectively. The total planting cost dramatically
increased from 15411.8 yuan/hm2 in 2009 to 29 940.0 yuan/hm2 in 2011. Owing to the annually rising labor cost, the
unit price of seed cotton decreased dramatically from 11.3 yuan in 2010 to 5.5 yuan in 2015, with a drop of 51.3%.
Revenue declined year by year from 30 100.9 yuan/hm2 in 2010, and even showed negative effects. Further correlation analysis showed that the unit price and labor cost of seed cotton were closely related to the income and initiative
of farmers. The state needed to increase the subsidy for cotton target price, and cotton production should be lightly
simplified and mechanized. The paper also put forward some suggestions and countermeasures to boost Jiangxi’s
cotton production. |
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