| 刘 倩 1，王学春 1，罗华友 3，宋 祥 2，赖 鹏 1，王小松 2，胡运高1.绵阳市水稻青立病发病原因及防治技术研究[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(8):80-87 |
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绵阳市水稻青立病发病原因及防治技术研究 |
| Study on the Causes and Control Techniques of Rice Straight Head in Mianyang City |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.08.011 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻青立病 除草剂 重金属 硫磺 石灰 |
| 英文关键词: rice straight head herbicide heavy metal sulfur lime |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队第三轮建设项目（SCCXTD-2020-01）；四川省科技计划项目（2018NZZJ001）；绵阳市科技计划项目（2018CYP002）；四川省教育厅项目（18ZA0507） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨绵阳市水稻青立病发病原因和防治措施。【方法】采取调查分析与田间试验的方法，比较不同除草剂处理水稻青立病发病情况，测定发病田块土壤和水稻植株重金属种类及含量，初步明确绵阳市水稻青立病发病原因；分析不同防治手段下水稻青立病发病情况，探索水稻青立病防治措施。【结果】施用除草剂不会引起水稻青立病发生，但过量施用会显著降低稻谷产量。与不发病田块相比，发病田块 0~50 cm 土层重金属砷含量增加 2.3~5.6 mg/kg；与不发病植株相比，发病水稻植株总砷含量增加 0.03~0.20 mg/kg；与对照相比，在小麦季随整地施用硫磺并在水稻季随整地施用石灰可降低水稻青立病发病率 20.74%；与种植籼稻品种相比，在水稻青立病易发病田块种植粳稻品种可使发病率显著降低。【结论】绵阳市水稻青立病发生原因为土壤重金属砷、镉和铜含量偏高。苄乙、吡嘧磺隆、二氯喹啉酸和五氟磺草胺 4 种除草剂施用不是水稻青立病的发病原因。在麦稻轮作和秸秆全量还田条件下，在小麦季随整地施用硫磺并在水稻季随整地施用石灰对水稻青立病防治效果显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was to explore the causes of rice straight head in Mianyang City and the corresponding control measures.【Method】By means of investigation and field test, the incidences of rice straight head under different herbicide treatments were compared, and the types and contents of heavy metals in soil and rice plant were measured to preliminarily determine the causes of rice straight head in Mianyang City. The control measures were explored by analyzing the incidences of rice straight head under different control methods.【Result】Herbicide application was not the cause of rice straight head, but excessive herbicide application could significantly reduce rice yield. The content of As in the soil layer of 0-50 cm in diseased field was 2.3-5.6 mg/kg higher than that in non-diseased field. The content of As in diseased plants was 0.03-0.20 mg/kg higher than that in non-diseased plants. Compared with the control, sulphur application during wheat season and lime application during rice season could reduce the incidence rate of rice straight head by 20.74%. The planting of japonica rice varieties in the fields could significantly reduce the incidence rate of susceptible rice straight head compared with that of indica rice varieties.【Conclusion】The occurrence of rice straight head in Mianyang City was related to the high content of As, Cd and Cu in soil. The four herbicides, bensulfuron-methyl and acetochlor, pyrazosulfuron, quinclorac and penoxsulam, were not the causes of rice straight head. Under the conditions of wheat-rice rotation and full straw returning, sulfur application in wheat season and lime application in rice season can prevent and control the disease effectively. |
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