| 邓章轩 1，赖金龙 1,2，张 宇 1，罗学刚 1,2.铀胁迫对不同苔藓光合特性及矿质营养代谢的影响[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(10):73-82 |
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铀胁迫对不同苔藓光合特性及矿质营养代谢的影响 |
| Effects of Uranium Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Mineral Nutrition Metabolism of Different Bryophytes |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.10.010 |
| 中文关键词: 铀 苔藓植物 叶绿素 光合速率 矿质元素 |
| 英文关键词: uranium bryophyte chlorophyll photosynthetic rate mineral element |
| 基金项目:国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室公开基金项目（SKLNBC2019-21） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究铀污染对苔藓植物的叶绿素荧光生理特性和矿质元素积累的影响，筛选用于环境铀污染监测和修复研究的苔藓品种。【方法】以灰藓原变种、大羽藓和东亚砂藓为生物材料，分析不同铀胁迫浓度下（0、2.5、5、10、20 mg/L），3种苔藓叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、铀累积量及矿质营养代谢差异。【结果】3种苔藓的叶绿素含量与铀胁迫浓度呈反比关系，其中大羽藓表现出对铀胁迫较高的敏感性，其叶绿素含量最先受到显著抑制，降幅最大。铀胁迫对大羽藓的最大光学量子产量Fv/Fm、有效量子产量Y（Ⅱ）、光化学淬灭系数qP和非光化学荧光淬灭系数qN均表现为抑制作用，对灰藓原变种Y（Ⅱ）、qP、qN和东亚砂藓的Y（Ⅱ）、qP表现为“低促高抑”作用；对东亚砂藓的qN表现为促进作用。大羽藓的铀累积量在低中高浓度铀胁迫下均显著高于灰藓原变种和东亚砂藓，铀累积量与3种苔藓的叶片绒毛长度呈正比。一定浓度铀胁迫能促进苔藓植物对K元素和Ca元素的吸收，胁迫浓度过高则会抑制。【结论】叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光生理特性和大量元素K、Ca含量可作为筛选苔藓植物监测和修复环境铀污染的生理指标；大羽藓对铀胁迫敏感性强于灰藓原变种和东亚砂藓，对铀的累积能力也优于灰藓原变种和东亚砂藓，可作为监测以及修复环境铀污染的优选苔藓植物。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was conducted to investigate the effects of uranium pollution on chlorophyll fluorescence physiological characteristics and mineral element accumulation of bryophytes, and screen out bryophytes used for monitoring and remediation of environmental uranium pollution.【Method】In this study, Hypnum cupressiforme L. ex Hedw. var. cupressiforme, Thuidium cymbifolium and Racomitrium japonicum were used as biological materials to analyze the differences in chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, uranium accumulation and mineral nutrient metabolism under different uranium stress concentrations（0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L）.【Result】The chlorophyll contents of three bryophytes were negatively related to the concentrations of uranium stress. Hymenoptera showed a high sensitivity to uranium stress, and its chlorophyll content was the first to be significantly suppressed, with a greatest decrease in chlorophyll content. Uranium stress had an inhibitory effect on Fv/Fm, Y（ Ⅱ ）, qP and qN of T. cymbifolium, a “low-promotion, highsuppression” effect on Y（Ⅱ）, qP, qN of H. cupressiforme L. ex Hedw. var. cupressiforme and Y（Ⅱ）, qP of R. japonicum, and a positive effect on qN of R. japonicum. The uranium accumulation of T. cymbifolium was significantly higher than that of H. cupressiforme L. ex Hedw. var. cupressiforme and R. japonicum under low, medium and high concentrations of uranium stress, which was directly proportional to the length of villi in leaves of three bryophytes. The uptake of K and Ca by bryophytes could be promoted by a certain concentration of uranium stress, but inhibited when the stress concentration was too high.【Conclusion】The changes of chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence physiological characteristics and the contents of K and Ca can be used as physiological indexes for screening out bryophytes to monitor and restore uranium pollution; T. cymbifolium is more sensitive to
uranium stress than H. cupressiforme L. ex Hedw. var. cupressiforme and R. japonicum., and its ability to accumulate uranium is stronger than H. cupressiforme L. ex Hedw. var. cupressiforme and R. japonicum. Therefore, T. cymbifolium can be used as a preferred bryophyte for monitoring and restoring environmental uranium pollution. |
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