| 李 斌 1，魏鑫钰 1，陈 夕1,2，赵俊宏 1，罗毅智 1，周星星 1.基于 PLC 技术的种苗精准光培育平台设计与试验[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(7):47-56 |
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基于 PLC 技术的种苗精准光培育平台设计与试验 |
| Design and Experiment of Precise Light Cultivation Platform for Seedlings Based on PLC Technology |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.07.005 |
| 中文关键词: PLC 技术 种苗 光培育 植物工厂 能耗 |
| 英文关键词: PLC technology seedling light cultivation plant factory energy consumption |
| 基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2023B0202110001）；广州市科技计划项目（2023A04J0830）；广东省农业科学院协同创新中心项目（XTXM202201）；广东省农业科学院创新基金项目（202202） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】光是影响植物生长、发育、代谢及外部表型最为重要的一个因素。在植物生长过程中，常使用人工光源代替自然光对种苗进行补光，以提高果蔬的品质、产量和效率。人工光型植物工厂是标准化高效育苗的重要途径之一，但其光源能耗高，占植物工厂总能耗的 60%~80%，严重阻碍工厂化育苗技术的推广与应用。因此，降低光源能耗，提高光的利用率是植物工厂育苗的核心目标之一。【方法】针对植物工厂培育平台层高固定、能耗高且难以匹配种苗生长光需求等问题，采用理论分析、模型构建和试验相结合的方法，开发一款基于可编程控制器（Programmable Logic Controller，PLC）技术的种苗精准光培育平台。以黄瓜幼苗为对象，验证种苗精准光培育平台光强调控系统性能，探究其对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响。【结果】灯珠结构优化后的光强以及光分布均匀性均有所提高。开发的平台可通过手动、自动、HMI（ Human Machine Interface）和上位机等方式对黄瓜幼苗进行补光。通过平台光辐射能耗模型和层高调整控制策略，有效降低 LED 运行功率，节约电能约40.65%，光平台辐射模型的最大相对误差为 34.37%，最小相对误差为 3.57%，平均相对误差为 11.45%。栽培试验表明，在相同光强处理下，通过对比种苗精准光培育平台与传统层高固定平台对比，幼苗表型参数与壮苗指数无显著性差异。【结论】基于 PLC 技术的种苗精准光培育平台可以实现自动升降和智能调光，且在不影响种苗生长的情况下最多可节约电能 40.65%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Light is the most important factor affecting plant growth, development, metabolism and external phenotype. In the process of plant growth, artificial light sources are often used instead of natural light to fill the seeds and seedlings to improve the quality, yield and efficiency of fruits and vegetables. Artificial light plant is one of the important ways for standardized and efficient seedling cultivation, but its high energy consumption, accounting for 60% to 80% of the total energy consumption of plant factories, seriously hinder the promotion and application of factory seedling technology. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of light source and improving the utilization rate of light is one of the core goals for plant seedling. 【Method】 Aiming at the problems of fixed height, high energy consumption and difficult to match the light demand of seed and seedling growth, this study developed a precise light cultivation platform for seedlings based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology by combining theoretical analysis, model construction and experiment. Taking cucumber seedlings as the object, the performance of the light intensity control system of the precision light cultivation platform for seedlings was verified, and its effect on the growth of cucumber seedlings was explored.【Result】The experimental results showed that the light intensity and light distribution uniformity were improved after the optimization of the lamp bead structure. The developed platform can fill the light of cucumber seedlings by manual, automatic, Human Machine Interface (HMI) and host computer. Through the platform optical radiation energy consumption model and the layer level adjustment control strategy, the LED operating power is effectively reduced, saving about 40.65% of electric energy. The maximum and minimum relative error of the optical platform radiation model are 34.37% and 3.57%, respectively, and the average relative error is 11.45%. Cultivation experiments showed that under the same light intensity treatment, there was no significant difference in seedling phenotype parameters and strong seedling index by comparing the precision light cultivation platform with the traditional high floor fixed platform. 【Conclusion】The precision light cultivation platform of seedlings based on PLC technology realizes automatic lifting and intelligent dimming, and saves up to 40.65% power without affecting the growth of seedlings. |
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