微生物菌剂对成苗期及伸根期烟苗生长发育的影响

毛 敏 1; 叶田会 1; 石松柏 1; 冯文龙 1; 白加林 1; 王雪峰 2; 3; 刘钰彤 2; 3; 王程栋 2; 况 帅 2; 许 娜 2

文章摘要

毛敏 1，叶田会 1，石松柏 1，冯文龙 1，白加林 1，王雪峰 2, 3，刘钰彤 2, 3，王程栋 2，况帅 2，许娜 2.微生物菌剂对成苗期及伸根期烟苗生长发育的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(8):11-20

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Effects of Microbial Agents on Growth and Development of Tobacco Seedlings at Seedling and Root Extending Stages

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.08.002

中文关键词: 微生物菌剂微生物多样性烟草育苗根系构型根系活力叶片色素

英文关键词: microbial agents microbial diversity tobacco seedling root development root activity leaves pigment

基金项目:四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司科技项目（SCYC202110）

作者	单位
毛敏 1，叶田会 1，石松柏 1，冯文龙 1，白加林 1，王雪峰 2, 3，刘钰彤 2, 3，王程栋 2，况帅 2，许娜 2	1. 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司，四川攀枝花 617000；2. 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 / 农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室，山东青岛 266101；3. 青岛农业大学农学院，山东青岛 266109

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中文摘要:

【目的】探究暹罗芽孢杆菌（Bacillus siamensis EM-1）和霍氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas rhodesiae MTD4-1）对成苗期及伸根期烟苗生长发育的影响。【方法】将两种微生物菌剂分别添加至育苗基质中，研究其对根际育苗基质及烟苗根系微生物多样性，以及其对烟苗形态及生理指标的影响。【结果】与育苗基质中不添加菌剂的对照相比，添加 EM-1 菌剂可以显著提高成苗期根际育苗基质和烟苗根系微生物多样性，增幅分别为9.40% 和 34.70%；添加 EM-1 菌剂还可以显著改善成苗期烟苗表型及生理指标，与对照相比，其成苗期烟苗根系干质量、总根长、根总表面积、根系平均直径、根总体积、地上干质量、苗高、茎直径、最大叶长、最大叶宽、根系活力、叶绿素 a 和总叶绿素含量，增幅分别为 68.81%、42.55%、58.08%、10.10%、75.83%、36.27%、46.63%、33.56%、31.10%、37.97%、27.04%、40.00% 和 32.14%。类似地，添加 MTD4-1 菌剂也可以显著促进成苗期烟苗根系微生物多样性，增幅为 9.59%；添加 MTD4-1 菌剂还可以显著改善伸根期烟苗表型及生理指标，与对照相比，其伸根期根系干质量、总根长、根总表面积、地上干质量、苗高、茎直径、最大叶长和最大叶宽增幅分别为 45.35%、118.94%、65.89%、27.12%、34.56%、23.90%、26.58% 和 32.94%。相关性分析表明，烟苗根系微生物多样性和根际育苗基质微生物多样性、烟苗总根长、根系平均直径、叶绿素 a 和总叶绿素含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；烟苗根系微生物多样性和根总表面积、根总体积呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。烟苗总根长和根总表面积及叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。【结论】EM-1 菌剂主要在成苗期通过增加烟草根际微生物多样性促进烟苗生长，MTD4-1 菌剂主要在伸根期通过增加烟草根际微生物多样性促进烟苗生长。生产过程中，育苗期添加 EM-1 菌剂，移栽时配施 MTD4-1 菌剂既可以提升烟苗成苗质量，又可以有效促进移栽后烟苗缓苗。

英文摘要:

【Objective】This study aims to explore the effects of Bacillus siamensis EM-1 and Pseudomonas rhodesiae MTD4-1 on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings at the seedling stage and root extending stage.【Method】Two microbial agents were added to the seedling substrate respectively to study their effects on the microbial diversity of rhizosphere seedling substrate and tobacco seedings root, as well as the morphological and physiological indexes of tobacco seedlings. 【Result】Compared with control, the addition of EM-1 bacterial agent could significantly promote the microbial diversity of rhizosphere seedling substrate and tobacco root system at seedling stage, with the increase rates of 9.40% and 34.70%. During this stage, EM-1 bacterial agent can also significantly improve the phenotype and physiological indexes of tobacco seedlings. Compared with the control, its root dry weight, total root length, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume, shoot dry weight, seedling height, stem diameter, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, root activity, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content at the seedling stage increased by 68.81%, 42.55%, 58.08%, 10.10%, 75.83%, 36.27%, 46.63%, 33.56%, 31.10%, 37.97%, 27.04%, 40.00% and 32.14%, respectively. Similarly, the addition of MTD4-1 bacterial agent could also significantly promote the microbial diversity of tobacco root system at seedling stage, with the increase rates of 9.59%. MTD4-1 bacterial agent can also significantly improve the phenotype and physiological indicators of tobacco seedlings at root spreading stage. Compared with the control, the root dry weight, total root length, total root surface area, shoot dry weight, seedling height, stem diameter, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width at root extending stage increased by 45.35%, 118.94%, 65.89%, 27.12%, 34.56%, 23.90%, 26.58% and 32.94%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that a significant correlation between the root microbial diversity of tobacco seedlings and the microbial diversity of rhizosphere seedling substrate, total root length, average root diameter, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content of tobacco seedlings (P < 0.05). There was a highly significant correlation between root microbial diversity and total root surface area and total root volume (P < 0.01). The total root length of tobacco seedlings was significantly positively correlated with the total root surface area and chlorophyll content(P < 0.01).【Conclusion】EM-1 bacterial agent mainly promotes tobacco seedling growth by increasing the diversity of tobacco rhizosphere microorganisms at the seedling stage, while MTD4-1 bacterial agent mainly promotes tobacco seedling growth by increasing the diversity of tobacco rhizosphere microorganisms at the root extending stage. The quality of tobacco seedlings during the seedling cultivation period and after transplantation will be improved by adding EM-1 and MTD4-1 into substrate respectively.

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