| 樊红柱 1，周焰西 2，王 勇3，陈玉蓝 3，张 潇 1，龙 岗 3，陈 娟 3，付 益 3，秦鱼生 1.化肥减量配施生物炭对烤烟产质量及主要化学成分的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(8):31-40 |
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化肥减量配施生物炭对烤烟产质量及主要化学成分的影响 |
| Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Biochars on Yield, Quality and Main Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.08.004 |
| 中文关键词: 化肥减量 生物炭 烤烟 产质量 感观质量 |
| 英文关键词: chemical fertilizer reduction biochar flue-cured tobacco yield and quality sensory quality |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201100）；中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目（202051340024457）；四川省农业科学院科技成果中试熟化与示范转化工程项目（2021ZSSFKJ60） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨化肥与生物炭配施对烤烟产质量及烟叶主要化学成分的影响，为烤烟减量施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟 85 为试验材料，设 5 个化肥与生物炭不同配比处理：CK（对照），常规施肥；T1，常规施肥 + 180 kg/hm2 生物炭；T2，常规施肥 + 360 kg/hm2 生物炭；T3，常规基施化肥 80%+180 kg/hm2 生物炭；T4，常规基施化肥 80%+360 kg/hm2 生物炭。随机区组设计，3 次重复，于移栽后 63 d（打顶期）选取代表性烟株测定不同处理烤烟的农艺性状和 SPAD 值，烘烤后调查各处理烟叶产量、产值，分析烟叶主要化学成分及感观质量。【结果】添加生物炭对烤烟生长发育具有一定促进作用，可显著增加株高、最大叶面积和茎围，化肥减量配施生物炭并没有显著降低株高、最大叶面积和茎围，而显著降低中部叶 SPAD 值。各处理烟叶产量和产值均表现为 T2 ＞ T4 ＞ T3 ＞ T1 ＞ CK，过高的土壤 C/N 有利于烟叶产量和产值的增加。所有处理烟叶总糖含量＞ 26%、还原糖含量＞ 22%，均超过优质烟叶标准；总氮、烟碱、钾、氮碱比和钾氯比均分别在其适宜范围内；T1 和 CK 处理的烟叶化学成分协调性更好。随土壤 C/N 的增加，烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量提高，而总氮和烟碱含量降低，适量生物炭可协调烟叶内在化学成分，过量则降低烟叶品质。T1 处理感官质量得分最高（66.10），其次是 CK 和 T3 处理（均为 61.11），T2 处理最低（59.86）。【结论】化肥与生物炭配施对烤烟农艺、经济和质量性状均有重要影响，通过调控根区较高土壤 C/N（T1 和 T3 处理）对烟叶品质的改善效果更佳，
过高土壤 C/N（T2 和 T4 处理）有利于提高烟叶产量和产值。化肥减量配施生物炭没有显著降低烟叶产量和产值，而明显降低了烟叶质量。考虑施肥的综合效应，建议四川冕宁县烟区优质烟叶生产在常规施肥基础上增施生物炭 180 kg/hm2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer and biochar on the yield, quality, and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the chemical fertilizer reduction application. 【Method】Tobacco variety Yunyan 85 was taken as the test material, five treatments of chemical fertilizer and biochar were set up, CK (control): conventional fertilizer; T1: conventional fertilizer+180 kg/hm2 biochars; T2: conventional fertilizer+360 kg/hm2 biochars; T3: 80% base chemical fertilizer+180 kg/hm2 biochars; T3: 80% base chemical
fertilizer+360 kg/hm2 biochars. Three repeated randomized block experiments were used in the field. Representative tobacco plants were selected to measure their agronomic traits and SPAD value after transplanting 63 d (topping stage). After curing, the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in each treatment were investigated, the main chemical components and sensory quality evaluation were analyzed. 【Result】Application biochar promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly increased the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth. Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar were not significantly reduced the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth, but the SPAD values in the middle leaves were significantly lower. The yield and output value of treatments were T2>T4>T3>T1>CK. The exorbitant value of soil C/N ratio was beneficial for improving the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco.The content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves under all treatments with over 26% and 22%, respectively, exceeded the standard of high quality tobacco leaf, and the content of total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chloride ratio were all within the appropriate range, respectively. Tabcco leaves under the T1 and CK treatments had more harmonious chemical components. With increasing soil C/N ratio value, contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium of flue-cured tobacco were increased, but decreased the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine. A suitable amount of application biochar resulted in coordination of tabacco leaf chemical components. However, excessive application biochar reduced quality of tobacco leaves. The sensory quality scores in T1 treatment were the higher (66.10), then in CK and T3 treatments (61.11), and the lowest in T2 treatment (59.86). 【Conclusion】The combined application chemical fertilizer and biochar has important effects on the agronomic, economic and quality traits of flue-cured Tobacco. The higher values of soil C/N ratio (T1 and T3 treatments) were good for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, while the exorbitant values of soil C/N ratio (T2 and T4 treatments) were conducive to improving the yield and output value of tobacco leaves. Considering the application fertilizer effects, it was suggested that the best fertilizer application was the combination of biochar fertilizer of 180 kg/hm2 and conventional fertilizer in Sichuan Mianning tobacco-planting area. |
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