| 张 潇 1，樊红柱 1，顾会战 2，张启莉 2，李昌科 1，曾鼎宸 1,3，吴绍军 2，鲁黎明 3.施钾量对‘川烟 200’产质量及钾肥利用效率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(8):41-51 |
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施钾量对‘川烟 200’产质量及钾肥利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of Potassium Application Rate on the Yield, Quality and Potassium Utilization Efficiency of‘Chuanyan 200’ |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.08.005 |
| 中文关键词: 烤烟 川烟 200 钾肥利用效率 广元 施钾量 产质量 |
| 英文关键词: flue-cured tobacco Chuanyan 200 potassium application rate Guangyuan potassium application rate yield and quality |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201100）；四川省烟草公司广元市公司科技项目（201951080024041） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨施钾量对烤烟新品种‘川烟 200’生长发育、烟叶产质量和钾肥利用效率的影响，为合理施用钾肥提供理论支撑。【方法】以‘川烟 200’为试验对象，采用大田试验，设置 0、240、285、315、345、390 kg/hm2（分别命名为 K0、K240、K285、K315、K345、K390）6 个施钾量梯度，分析不同施钾量下烟株农艺性状、烟叶产量、产值、内在化学成分以及钾肥利用效率的特征。【结果】施用钾肥能够促进烟株前期（团棵期前）生长发育尤其是株高、有效叶片数和节距的生长，而对中期（团棵期到打顶期）生长影响较小；与 K0（CK）相比，施钾后烤烟产量、产值和均价的增幅分别为 19.02%~22.60%、24.65%~47.28% 和 3.26%~20.33%，各项指标均以 K315 处理表现最佳，且 K315 处理中上等烟比例最大、较 K0（CK）提高 5.5 个百分点；与 K0（CK）相比，施钾可显著提高烟叶中的烟碱含量 37.29%~66.10%，钾肥施用量在 315~345 kg/hm2 更有利于烟叶内在化学成分协调性；与 K0（CK）相比，适宜施用钾肥能够增加烟株各器官和整株生物量，茎生物量累积以 K315 处理最高、为 1 585.77 kg/hm2，根、叶和整株生物量累积各施钾处理间无显著差异；烤烟不同器官钾素分配特征表现为叶＞茎＞根，钾素主要分配在叶片，其中 K315 处理叶片钾素分配比例高达 50.89%。与 K0（CK）相比，施钾显著增加了烟叶中钾素累积量、增幅为 54.27%~109.31%，K315 处理茎、叶和整株钾素累积量最大，分别为25.73、35.06、68.90 kg/hm2；钾肥表观利用率、当季回收率及经济利用效率均表现出随着施钾量的增加先升高后下降的趋势，以 K315 处理表现最佳，其钾肥表观利用率、当季回收率及经济利用效率分别为 14.06%、13.15%和 7.01%，但钾肥农学效率、偏生产力和生理利用率均表现出随着施钾量增加而下降，土壤钾素盈余量也随着施钾量的增加呈显著增加趋势。【结论】合理施用钾肥可以增加烟叶产量和产值、提升优质烟叶占比、协调烟叶化学成分、促进养分吸收、提高钾肥利用效率，综合考虑烟叶品质、经济性状和钾肥利用效率，广元烟区‘川烟 200’钾肥合理推荐量为 315 kg/hm2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The aim was to explore the effects of potassium application rate on the growth and development, yield and quality of tobacco leaves and potassium utilization efficiency of new flue-cured tobacco variety 'chuanyan 200', so as to provide theoretical support for rational application of potassium fertilizer.【Method】Taking 'chuanyan 200' as the test object, a field experiment was carried out with six potassium application rates of 0, 240, 285, 315, 345 and 390 kg/hm2 (named K0, K240, K285, K315, K345 and K390, respectively). The characteristics of agronomic traits, yield, output value, internal chemical composition and potassium utilization efficiency of tobacco plants under different potassium application rates were analyzed.【Result】The application of potassium fertilizer could promote the growth and development of tobacco plants in the early stage (before the rosette stage), especially the growth of plant height, effective leaf number and pitch, but had little effect on the growth in the middle stage (from the rosette stage to the topping stage). Compared with K0 (CK), the yield, output value and average price of flue-cured tobacco increased by 19.02%-22.60%, 24.65%-47.28% and 3.26%-20.33% respectively after potassium application. K315 treatment showed the best performance in all indexes, and the proportion of superior tobacco in K315 treatment was the largest, which was 5.5 percentage points higher than that of K0 (CK). Compared with K0 (CK), potassium application could significantly increase the nicotine content in tobacco leaves by 37.29%-66.10%, and the application amount of potassium fertilizer in 315-345 kg/hm2 was more conducive to the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves. Compared with K0 (CK), the appropriate application of potassium fertilizer could increase the biomass of each organ and the whole plant of tobacco plant. The biomass accumulation of stem was the highest in K315 treatment, which was 1 585.77 kg/hm2. There was no significant difference in biomass accumulation of root, leaf and whole plant among different potassium treatments.The distribution characteristics of potassium in different organs of flue-cured tobacco were leaf>stem>root, and potassium was mainly distributed in leaves. The distribution ratio of potassium in leaves treated with K315 was as high as 50.89%. Compared with K0 (CK), potassium application significantly increased the accumulation of potassium in tobacco leaves by 54.27%-109.31%. The accumulation of potassium in stem, leaf and whole plant of K315 treatment was the largest, which was 25.73, 35.06 and 68.90 kg/hm2, respectively. The apparent use efficiency, recovery rate and economic utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium application rate, and K315 treatment showed the best performance. The apparent use efficiency, recovery rate and economic utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer were 14.06%, 13.15% and 7.01%, respectively. However, the agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and physiological efficiency of potassium fertilizer decreased with the increase of potassium application rate, and the surplus amount of soil potassium also increased significantly with the increase of potassium application rate.【Conclusion】Reasonable application of potassium fertilizer can increase the yield and output value of tobacco leaves, increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco leaves, coordinate the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, promote nutrient absorption, and improve the utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer. Considering the quality, economic traits and potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency of tobacco leaves, the reasonable recommended amount of potassium fertilizer for 'chuanyan 200' in Guangyuan tobacco area is 315 kg/hm2. |
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