| 冯延聪 1，吉 娜 1，聂博轩 1，刘 帅 2，张湛辉 3，赵明磊 1，廖美敬 3，李建国 1.广东增城兰溪荔枝种质资源调查与分析[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(9):25-38 |
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广东增城兰溪荔枝种质资源调查与分析 |
| Investigation and Analysis on Litchi Germplasm Resources in Lanxi, Zengcheng, Guangdong Province |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.09.003 |
| 中文关键词: 种质资源 增城荔枝 古荔枝树 资源调查 |
| 英文关键词: germplasm resource Zengcheng litchi ancient litchi tree resource investigation |
| 基金项目:广州市重点研发计划项目（2023B03J1266）；国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFD1000103）；广州市增城区荔枝高质量发展专项 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】广东增城具有悠久的荔枝栽植历史，是广东优质荔枝产区之一，对其种质资源进行系统收集和鉴定评价具有重要意义。【方法】深入广东省广州市增城区的 6 个自然村，系统调查当地实生荔枝资源和古荔枝资源。【结果】共调查收集 160 份单株信息、其中收集实生荔枝 45 份，并对其中 26 份结果树的果实性状进行分析和鉴定评价。结果表明实生荔枝种子大多饱满，焦核率低（25% 以下），可食率较低（75% 以下），味道多酸而果中等偏小；但也从中筛选出 6 株具有代表性的特异性或综合性状优质的实生荔枝品种资源，其果实具有高焦核（93%）、留树期长、熟期较早、果皮紫色、浓香味、口感特异等特点，表明广东增城实生荔枝存在果实综合性状优良和特异性的种质资源。古树调查方面，选取 18 个具有代表性的样地进行系统调查，收集到 115 株古荔枝树的生物学特点信息，并分析其生境分布特点和生产能力状况。结果表明古树果实类型比较单一，以‘糯米糍’‘桂味’‘怀枝’优质品种为主；树体最大高度 25 m、平均高度 9.8 m，最大干周 410 cm、平均干周 220 cm，平均冠幅南北 11.5 m× 东西 12.0 m，古树树龄大多在 100~500 年，估测最大不超过 1 000 年；古树产量表现较好，分布在下坡位山脚和平地的产量较高，大多有 100 kg，最高可达 300 kg。【结论】在对广东
增城兰溪荔枝种质资源调查基础上，依据其果实特性鉴定评价出 6 份特异性或优异实生荔枝种质资源，分析了古荔枝资源生存现状及年龄范围，并提出相关的资源保护利用建议，研究结果可为广东增城的荔枝种质资源挖掘与创新应用提供参考借鉴。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Zengcheng has a long history of planting litchi, and is one of the high-quality litchi producing areas in Guangdong, therefore it is of great significance to systematically collect, identify and evaluate their germplasm resources. 【Method】A systematically investigation was conducted on the local litchi resources and ancient litchi resources in six villages in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province.【Result】Information of a total of 160 individual plants was collected, including 45 litchi seedlings, and the fruit characters of 26 fruiting trees were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the seeds of litchi seedlings were mostly full, with low wilted-nut rate (below 25%), low edible rate (below 75%), sour taste and morerately small fruits. However, six representative litchi germplasm resources with high specificity or comprehensive quality were screened out, and their fruits had the characteristics of high wilted-nut rate (93%), long tree-keeping period, early ripening period, purple peel, strong fragrance and special taste, indicating that there were germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive characteristics and specificity in Zengcheng, Guangdong. In regard to the investigation of ancient trees,18 representative sample sites were selected for systematic investigation, and biological characteristics of 115 ancient litchi trees were collected, and their habitat distribution characteristics and productivity were analyzed. The results showed that the fruit types of ancient trees are relatively single, and the main high-quality varieties were ‘Nuomici’, ‘Guiwei’ and ‘Huaizhi’. The maximum height of the tree was 25 m, the average height was 9.8 m, the maximum trunk girth was 410 cm, the average trunk girth was 220 cm, and the average crown width was 11.5 m× 12.0 m from north to south. It was speculated that the ages of ancient litchi trees in Lanxi, Zengcheng were mostly between 100 years and 500 years, and the oldest was not
more than 1 000 years. The ancient trees showed good yield performance, and the yields distributed in the downhill foothills and plains were high, most with 100 kg, up to a maximum of 300 kg.【Conclusion】Based on the investigation of litchi germplasm resources in Lanxi, Zengcheng, Guangdong Province, six specific or excellent seedling litchi germplasm resources are identified and evaluated according to their fruit characteristics, and the survival status and age of ancient litchi resources are analyzed, and relevant suggestions on resource protection and utilization are put forward. The research results can provide references for exploration and innovative application germplasm resources in Zengcheng, Guangdong Province. |
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