| 高 银，彭家柱，汪国平，乔燕春.节瓜果肉叶绿素含量的主基因 + 多基因遗传分析[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(9):103-110 |
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节瓜果肉叶绿素含量的主基因 + 多基因遗传分析 |
| Genetic Analysis of Major Gene and Polygene Inheritance of Chlorophyll Content in Chieh-qua Pulp |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.09.010 |
| 中文关键词: 节瓜 果肉颜色 叶绿素含量 遗传模型 主基因 遗传分析 |
| 英文关键词: chieh-qua pulp color chlorophyll content genetic model major gene genetic analysis |
| 基金项目:广州市农业财政资金项目（23107180）；广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴行动项目（2024-NPY-
01-003）；广州市基础与应用基础研究项目（202201011716） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】对节瓜果肉叶绿素含量进行主基因 + 多基因遗传分析，研究果肉颜色与叶绿素含量的关系
及遗传机理，为选育优质节瓜品种奠定基础。【方法】该研究利用节瓜自交系 J16（白肉）和 FJ5（绿肉）形成
P1
、P2
、F1
、F2
4 个世代群体，通过肉眼观察节瓜果肉颜色并测量其叶绿素含量，利用遗传模型分析软件包对果肉
叶绿素含量进行遗传模型的分析，得出极大似然函数值和最小赤池信息量准则（AIC）值。随后选择 3 个 AIC 值最
小的模型作为备用模型并进行适合性检验。最后计算出最优遗传模型的一、二阶遗传参数，并对主基因、多基因等
遗传效应值进行分析。【结果】叶绿素含量是节瓜绿色果肉形成的关键因素，节瓜 F1 代果肉颜色和叶绿素含量介
于亲本之间且稍偏向于白肉亲本（P1
），F2 代果肉颜色和叶绿素含量表现为数量性状特征。果肉叶绿素含量最适遗
传模型为 MX2-ADI-ADI，即 2 对加性 - 显性 - 上位性主基因 + 加性 - 显性 - 上位性多基因模型。在一阶遗传参数
中，2 对主基因的加性效应绝对值之和（da
+db
）大于 2 对显性效应绝对值之和（ha
+hb
），且 da > db
，表明第 1 对主
基因的负向加性效应为主。在上位性遗传效应中，以基因加性 - 加性互作正向效应为主。二阶遗传参数表明，主基
因遗传方差为 32.1590，多基因遗传方差为 1.1540，同时主基因和多基因遗传率分别为 93.69% 和 3.36%。【结论】
节瓜果肉颜色性状的主基因遗传率均远大于多基因遗传率，以主基因遗传为主。因此，在节瓜果肉颜色育种过程中
要重视利用主基因，可在早期世代进行选择以及采用组合育种的途径对节瓜进行改良。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: 【Objective】A major gene and polygenes genetic analysis on the chlorophyll content in the pulp of cheih-qua
was conducted to study the relationship and genetic mechanism between pulp color and chlorophyll content, with an aim to lay
a foundation for the breeding of high-quality cheih-qua varieties.【Method】In the study, cheih-qua inbred lines J16 (white
pulp) and FJ5 (green pulp) were used to form four generation populations, P1
, P2
, F1
and F2
. The pulp color of the chieh-qua
was observed by naked eye and the chlorophyll content was measured. The genetic model analysis software package was used
to analyze the chlorophyll content of the pulp, and the maximum likelihood function value and AIC value were obtained. Then,the three models with the smallest AIC values were selected as alternate models and the suitability test was carried out. Finally,
the first- and second-order genetic parameters of the optimal genetic model were calculated, and the genetic effect values of
major genes and polygenes were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that chlorophyll content was the key factor in the
formation of green pulp of the chieh-qua. The color and chlorophyll content of the F1
generation were between the parents and
slightly inclined to the white pulp parents (P1
), and the color and chlorophyll content of the F2
generation showed quantitative
characteristics. The optimal genetic model for chlorophyll content in the pulp was MX2-ADI-ADI, that is, 2 pairs of additive -
dominant - epistatic major gene + additive - dominant - epistatic polygene models. In the first-order genetic parameters, the
sum of absolute additive effects (da
+db
) of the two major genes was greater than the sum of absolute dominant effects (ha
+hb
),
and da > db
, indicated that the negative additive effect of the first major gene was dominant. In epistatic genetic effects, gene
additive-additive interactions were the main positive effects. The second-order genetic parameters indicated that the genetic
variance of the major gene was 32.1590, the genetic variance of the polygenes was 1.1540, and the heritability rates of the major
gene and the polygenes were 93.69% and 3.36%, respectively. 【Conclusion】The heritability of major genes for the pulp color
of chieh-qua is much higher than that of polygenes, and the major genes are dominant. Therefore, we should pay attention to
the use of major genes in the process of high-quality breeding of chieh-qua, and we can select in early generations and improve
chieh-qua by combined breeding. |
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