三江并流区云南贡山片植被景观格局研究

欧光龙; 彭明春; 王崇云; 胥辉; 向伶猿

文章摘要

欧光龙，彭明春，王崇云，胥辉，向伶猿.三江并流区云南贡山片植被景观格局研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(24):141-147

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Research on the vegetation landscape pattern ofthe core area of the Three Parallel Rivers Beltin Gongshan county of Yunnan province

DOI：

中文关键词: 植被景观格局三江并流区云南省贡山县

英文关键词: vegetation landscape pattern the Three Parallel Rivers Belt Gongshan county of Yunnan province

基金项目:美国大自然保护协会与云南省林业厅共建项目（APCD/YU062604）

作者	单位
欧光龙，彭明春，王崇云，胥辉，向伶猿	西南林业大学西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业局重点实验室；东北林业大学林学院；云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所

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中文摘要:

以三江并流区云南省贡山县片为例，以Landsat ETM+影像为数据源，基于3S技术进行植被景观制图，采用Fragstats 景观指数分析软件，分析其景观格局及其变化规律。结果表明：（1）研究区形成以森林植被，尤其是基于高山垂直带植被分布森林景观为优势的景观为基质的景观类型；由于研究区景观分布的垂直分异明显，各类景观要素的总体优势度不高，但在垂直带上，河谷地段的中山湿性常绿阔叶林、中山-亚高山的铁杉-常绿阔叶混交林、亚高山-高山的云冷杉/落叶松林优势度较高，高山-亚高山则以杜鹃灌丛为优势景观类型；(2)优势景观要素类型呈现出面积比例大、斑块数多、平均斑块面积较大、最大斑块指数值较大的特征，斑块分布相对集中成片；具有较高的内部生境面积和内部生境指数值；边缘长度长，边缘密度值较高；形状指数指数较高，且具有较高景观分维数；分布趋于聚集分布曰(3)水平地带性植被景观类型和垂直带上非成带分布的植被景观类型，体现出分布面积较小、斑块数相对较少、平均斑块面积中等、最大斑块指数值较小等特征；其内部生境面积较小、内部生境斑块数相对较少、内部生境指数较低；形状指数较高，且景观分维数较低；景观结合度指数、有效粒度指数和聚集度指数低；(4)人工引入种植斑块的面积特征各有不同；(5)非植被景观由于受到分布区的影响，其景观格局分布各异；(6)居民点景观表现出面积小、斑块数较少、内部生境小、斑块形状指数和分维数小、分布较分散等特征。

英文摘要:

Taking the core area of the Three Parallel Rivers Belt in Gongshan county of Yunnan province as the example, the distribution of the landscape types was researched by GIS, RS and GPS technology. The results showed that: (1) The matrix of landscape was forest vegetation, especially the dominant forest types along altitude at the alpine area. Because of the vertical differentiation of the landscapes distribution, the dominance value of the landscape types was not high. But along the altitude it could be found that mountainous humid evergreen broadleaved forest was the dominant landscape at the bottom of the valley area,the Tsuga mixed forest with evergreen broadleaved species at the mid -mountain and sub -alpine area, the coniferous forest dominated by Picea, Abies and Larix at the sub-alpine and alpine area, and Rhododendron shrub at the alpine area. (2) For dominant landscape types, their characteristics were larger area, large number of patches, large average patch area, big largest patch index, high core area and core area index, long edge length, big edge density, big shape index, big landscape fractal dimension, and patches distribution was relatively concentrated. (3) For zone vegetation landscape types and the vegetation landscape types which were not zone vegetation located in the vertical belt, their characteristics reflected small area of patches, small number of patches,mean patch area relatively in medium, small largest patch index, small core area, relatively few patches number of core area. The shape index was big, and the landscape fractal dimension was smal造, and the cohension index, MESH and the aggregation index was small with the landscape. (4) For different artificial patches, the area features were different.(5) The patterns of non-vegetation landscape types were different because of their different distribution areas. (6) The resident settlements showed the characteristics of small area, small number of patches, small core area, low shape index and fractal dimension, and the patches were scattered.

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