| 黄虹心、杨昌鹏.修剪措施对杨桃新梢生长及开花结果的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(10):34-37 |
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修剪措施对杨桃新梢生长及开花结果的影响 |
| Effects of pruning on shoots growth, blooming andfruit-bearing of Averrhoa carambola |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 杨桃Averrhoa carambola 修剪 新梢生长 开花结果 |
| 英文关键词: Averrhoa carambola pruning shoots growth blooming and fruit-bearing |
| 基金项目:广西自然科学基金（2011GXNSFA018101） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解杨桃对各种整形修剪措施的响应、以大棚栽培的马来西亚1 号甜杨桃为试验材料、于5~9 月研
究回缩尧短截尧疏枝尧拉枝对杨桃芽体萌发尧新梢生长及开花的影响。结果表明院5~7 月回缩尧短截后侧芽萌发率达到
40%~50%、5 月中旬回缩和7 月中旬短截后发出的新梢80%可当年开花、而7 月中旬回缩尧疏大枝后萌发的强枝仅
有35%左右可当年开花。回缩尧疏枝处理能显著提高单果重和果实硬度、而短截处理能显著提高果实硬度。9 月上旬
采取拉枝措施可以极显著地促使直立枝开花、开花枝条比率较对照提高60%。因此、杨桃不宜修剪过于频繁、对于确
需修剪的大棚杨桃、应选择5 月进行回缩、适当抹除侧芽和不定芽、疏除弱枝尧阴枝；7 月后应以适度短截尧抹芽尧疏除
弱枝为主；9 月上旬采用拉枝方法促进直立枝开花。合理修剪后杨桃树体光照条件及营养状况得到改善、果实品质明
显提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the responses of Averrhoa carambola to various shaping and pruning measures,
effects of retractive pruning, short cutting, branch thinning, branch bending on buds germination, shoots growth and
blooming were studied with Malaysia sweet carambola No.1 cultivated in plastic greenhouse as test material from May to
September. Results showed that the lateral bud germination rate reached 40%-50% after the carambola were retractive
pruned or short cut from May to July, and 80% of the new shoots that germinated after retractive pruned in mid-May or
short cut in mid-July could come into blossom in that year, while only about 35% of the strong branches that germinated
after retractive pruned or thinned in mid-July could be in blossom in that year. Retractive pruning and branch thinning
could increase single fruit weight and the fruit firmness significantly, and short cutting could improve the fruit firmness
significantly. Branch bending in early September could prompt erect branches to bloom extremely significantly, of which the
blossom rate was 60% higher than that of the control. Accordingly, it was not suitable to prune the carambola too
frequently, and for those that really need prune in the plastic greenhouse, retractive pruning should be carried out in May
with removing lateral buds, adventitious buds, weak shoots and shaded branches properly. Priority should be given to short
cut, remove buds and weak shoots moderately after July, and to bend branches for prompting erect branches to bloom in
early September. After reasonable pruned, fruit quality has improved remarkably due to the improvement of carambola
tree's light conditions and nutritional status |
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