| 吴 景，祁春节.柑桔与大田作物生产成本和收益的比较研究[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(3):142-147 |
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柑桔与大田作物生产成本和收益的比较研究 |
| A comparative study on the production cost and profit of citrus fruits and field crops |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.03.022 |
| 中文关键词: 柑桔类水果 大田作物 成本收益指标 比较分析 品种差异 经济效益 |
| 英文关键词: citrus fruits field crops cost and profit indexes comparative analysis variety difference economic benefits |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业（柑桔）产业技术体系（MATS）专项经费（CARS-26-08B） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为比较柑桔与大田作物生产成本与收益的差异，分析了2016 年柑、桔、小麦、棉花、油菜和玉
米的直接生产费用构成及间接生产费用构成，通过产值、产量、单价、净利润、成本利润率5 个收益指标对
2006 年和2016 年的数据进行对比分析，同时对所选农产品2006—2016 年的生产总成本和净利润变化情况
进行比较。结果显示，柑桔的生产成本与收益均远高于大田作物，11 年间柑桔和大田作物的生产总成本均
呈上升趋势，柑和桔在部分年份有所下降，大田作物基本表现为逐年增长；2016 年，柑和桔的产值分别达
到375.08 元/hm2 和301.88 元/hm2，分别为2006 年的2.1 倍和1.2 倍，所比较的大田作物中，2016 年产值
最高的是棉花，为121.22 元/hm2；通过对净利润进行比较发现，柑的净利润在总体上呈上升趋势，除2008
年外，桔的净利润始终维持在77 元/hm2 以上，而大田作物近几年的利润有所下降；与小麦、棉花、油菜、
玉米这些大田作物相比，柑桔在生产中具有较强的优势。提出促进柑桔产业发展的若干对策建议，包括优
化物质投入结构、提高机械化水平、加大科技投入以及加强政府支持力度等。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to compare the differences in the production cost and profit of citrus fruits and field crops，
this paper analysed the composition of the direct and indirect production costs in terms of mandarins，tangerines，
wheat，cotton，rapeseed and maize in 2016. In addition，the data of 2006 and 2016 were compared and analyzed
through the five income indicators：output value，production，unit price，net profit，and cost-profit rate. At the
same time，changes in the total production cost and the net profit of selected agricultural products were compared
from 2006 to 2016. The results showed that the production cost and profit of citrus fruits were much higher than field
crops. The total production cost of citrus fruits and field crops showed an increasing trend in the last decade. The
cost of mandarins and tangerines decreased in certain years，however，the cost of field crops grew consistently. In
2016，the output values of mandarins and tangerines reached 375.08 RMB per hectare and 301.88 RMB per hectare
respectively，which were 2.1 times and 1.2 times that of 2006 respectively. Among the field crops researched，the
highest output value came from cotton in 2016，which was 121.22 RMB per hectare. In terms of net profits，the net
profit of the mandarins experienced an upward trend overall and the net profit of tangerines maintained above 77
RMB per hectare except 2008，while the net profit of field crops decreased in recent years. Therefore，compared
with field crops such as wheat，cotton，rapeseed and maize，citrus fruits should have priority in production. Based on
the analysis，this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of the citrus industry，including optimizing the material investment structure，improving the mechanization level，increasing the
investment of science and technology and strengthening the government support. |
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