基于主成分分析的 5 种投饲率黄颡鱼养殖塘水质评价

赵晚晨 1; 秦秀东 2; 程光平 1; 张伟刚 3; 孙玉章 3; 李文红 1; 赵学倩 1; 张亚军1

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赵晚晨 1 ，秦秀东 2，程光平 1 ，张伟刚 3，孙玉章 3，李文红 1 ，赵学倩 1 ，张亚军1.基于主成分分析的 5 种投饲率黄颡鱼养殖塘水质评价[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(7):144-155

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Assessment on Water Quality of Pelteobagrus fulvidracoCulture Ponds with Five Feeding Rates Based onPrincipal Component Analysis

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.07.021

中文关键词: 黄颡鱼养殖投饲率主成分分析 (PCA) 灰色关联分析理化因子富营养化

英文关键词: Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture feeding modes Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Grey RelationalAnalysis physicochemical factors eutrophication

基金项目:广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目（桂科 AB16380057，桂科 AA17204095-2）

作者	单位
赵晚晨 1 ，秦秀东 2，程光平 1 ，张伟刚 3，孙玉章 3，李文红 1 ，赵学倩 1 ，张亚军1	1. 广西大学动物科学技术学院 / 广西高校水生生物健康养殖与营养调控重点实验室，广西南宁 530005； 2. 桂林市第二水产养殖场，广西桂林 541000；3. 广西桂林市小池塘农牧有限公司，广西桂林 541000

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中文摘要:

【目的】评价不同投饲率的黄颡鱼养殖塘水质动态变化，探索不同外源饲料输入量对黄颡鱼养殖塘水质的影响，为黄颡鱼规模化养殖塘生境生态修复提供参考。【方法】采用 5 种投饲率（1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、 2.5% 和 3.0% ）对黄颡鱼进行池塘养殖，定期监测各组塘主要环境因子，以主成分分析（PCA）结合灰色关联分析法评价各塘水质健康状况。通过水质评价结果的比较分析，提出基于良水质的黄颡鱼养殖塘饲料输入模式。【结果】 CODMn、DO、TN、TP 及 NH3-N 是黄颡鱼养殖塘主要环境因子；pH 值与其他环境因子均存在极高相关性，TN 与 TP、NH3-N 均呈显著相关性；5 个试验处理中，A 组塘（投饲率 1.0%）、B 组塘（投饲率 1.5%）、 C 组塘（投饲率 2.0%）、E 组塘（投饲率 3.0%）各阶段水质均达Ⅲ类，符合水产品养殖水质标准，而 D 组塘（投饲率 2.5%）在养殖中期水质级别达到Ⅳ类水，且水体中的 TN、TP 等因子含量超标，水质污染较严重，同时 A、 B、C 组塘主成分综合得分较低，分别为 1.2704536、1.2704664、1.2704642，水质状况良好。【结论】投饲率为 1.0% ～ 2.0% 的处理组养殖水体的水质状况最好，过高的投饲率会降低养殖水体的水质健康状况。

英文摘要:

【Objective】 The study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of water quality of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ponds with different feeding rates and explore the effects of different exogenous feed inputs on the water quality of P. fulvidraco ponds in order to provide reference for the ecological restoration of large-scale culture ponds of P. fulvidraco. 【Method】 In P. fulvidraco ponds, the feeding rates of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% were set, and the main environmental factors in each group were monitored regularly. Combined with Grey Relational Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the water quality and health status of each pond. Based on the comparative analysis of water quality evaluation results, a feed input model for P. fulvidraco ponds based on good water quality was put forward. 【Results】 The results showed that CODMn, DO, TN, TP and NH3-N were the main environmental factors affecting the water quality of P. fulvidraco culture ponds. The pH value had extremely high correlation with other environmental factors, and the TN had significant correlation with TP and NH3-N. Among five experimental groups, the water quality of group A pond (feeding rate: 1.0%), group B pond (feeding rate: 1.5%), group C pond (feeding rate: 2.0%), group E pond (feeding rate: 3.0%) reached water quality grade of class Ⅲ in all stages, which is consistent with the water quality of aquaculture. The water quality of group D pond (feeding rate: 2.5%) reached water quality grade of class Ⅳ in the middle stage of aquaculture, and the contents of TN and TP in the water exceeded those of the standard levels, therefore, the water quality pollution was serious. At the same time, the comprehensive scores of principal components in group A, B and C were 1.2704536, 1.2704664 and 1.270464, respectively, and the water quality was in good condition. 【Conclusion】 The experimental groups with feeding rates of 1.0%- 2.0% have the best water quality, and excessive feeding rate will reduce the quality and health of aquaculture water.

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