| 崔烨,张泰劼,田兴山,等.水葫芦育苗基质及其重金属含量分析[J].广东农业科学,2019,(6-7):- |
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水葫芦育苗基质及其重金属含量分析 |
| Seedling Substrate Based on Water Hyacinth and Analysis of the Contents of Its Heavy Metal |
| 投稿时间：2019-04-13 修订日期：2019-06-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水葫芦 茄科蔬菜 发酵物 基质 泥炭土 重金属 育苗 |
| 英文关键词: water hyacinth solanaceous vegetable fermentation substrate peat soil heavy metal grow seedlings |
| 基金项目:广州市科技计划项目产学研协同创新重大专项，广州市打捞水葫芦资源化利用技术研究与示范(201604020026)；世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目,广东省东江中下游水葫芦防控策略研究( MYWRZL-ZX1510) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 110 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】将水葫芦发酵后制作茄科蔬菜育苗基质，以探索水葫芦资源化利用途径。【方法】水葫芦经分拣、粉碎、晾晒、发酵等处理，分析其发酵物的养分及重金属含量。然后将其发酵物再粉碎后与珍珠岩、蛭石按3:1:1制作育苗基质，采用番茄、辣椒和茄子3种茄科蔬菜种子研究该基质的育苗效果。【结果】水葫芦发酵物总氮、全磷（P2O5）和全钾（K2O）的含量分别为（1.75±0.08）%、（0.74±0.09）%和（7.87±0.40）%，与发酵前相比流失15.85%～36.10%；与养分流失情况相反，汞、铅、砷、镉和铬等5种重金属元素含量上升了23.09%～38.52%，尽管如此，其含量仅为有机肥料行业标准限量的1.25%-13.33%。番茄、辣椒和茄子50天育苗试验表明，3种茄科蔬菜在该基质上的出苗率、根系生长情况与其在优质泥炭土育苗基质上无显著差异，而显著好于普通草炭土育苗基质；幼苗株高、鲜重和干重则极显著地超过其在优质泥炭土或普通草炭土育苗基质上的情况。【结论】水葫芦经发酵等处理后可以生产出安全、优质的茄科蔬菜育苗基质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Water hyacinth was fermented to produce solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate, in order to explore the way of water hyacinth resource utilization. 【Method】Water hyacinth was treated by sorting, crushing, air drying and fermentation. The nutrient and heavy metal content of the fermentation were studied. The fermentation of water hyacinth was crushed and then mixed with perlite and vermiculite to produce seedling-raising substrate at 3:1:1. Tomato, pepper and eggplant seeds were used to study the seedling-raising effect of the substrate.【Result】The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus (P2O5) and total potassium (K2O) in the fermentation of water hyacinth were (1.75±0.08)%, (0.74±0.09)% and (7.87±0.40)%, respectively. Compared with the less of nutrients before fermentation, the contents of five heavy metals, mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and chromium, increased by 23.09%-38.52%, nevertheless, their contents were only the standard of organic fertilizer industry ranging from 15.85% to 36.10%. Nevertheless, the content of heavy metals in fermentation was only 1.25-13.33% of the maximum limit of organic fertilizer industry standard. The 50-day seedling-raising experiment of tomato, pepper and eggplant showed that the seedling emergence rate and root growth of three Solanaceous Vegetables on this substrate were not significantly different from those on high-quality peat soil, but significantly better than those on ordinary peat soil. The seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight were significantly higher than those on high-quality peat soil or ordinary peat soil.【Conclusion】 After fermentation, water hyacinth can be used to produce safe and high quality seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables. |
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