| 刘沙沙,李兵,张古彬,等.猪粪有机肥替代化肥对黄淮地区油麦菜品质及养分利用的影响[J].广东农业科学,2019,(8-9):- |
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猪粪有机肥替代化肥对黄淮地区油麦菜品质及养分利用的影响 |
| Effect of pig manure instead of chemical fertilizer on quality and nitrogen/ phosphorus utilization efficiencies of lettuces in Huanghuai Plan |
| 投稿时间：2019-06-28 修订日期：2019-06-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 猪粪 油麦菜 产量 品质 氮磷利用率 |
| 英文关键词: pig manure lettuces yield quality utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus |
| 基金项目:河南省重大科技专项(161100310600) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 168 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为解决农村普遍存在的化肥施用过量、农产品质量下降和畜禽废弃物大量堆存等问题,【方法】在黄淮地区选择典型种养结合区,采用田间小区试验方法,以200.0 kgN.ha<sub><sup>-</sup></sub><sub><sup>1</sup></sub>、96.8 kgP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.ha<sub><sup>-</sup></sub><sub><sup>1</sup></sub>为参考施肥量(M),研究了不同猪粪有机肥施加量(减量50%M、M和增量100%M)及替代比例(0%M、25%M、50%M、75%M和100%M,以氮磷为基准)对油麦菜产量、品质和氮磷利用率的影响,确定最佳施肥量和有机肥替代化肥的比例。【结果】结果表明：单独施加有机肥且施肥量＜参考施肥量条件下,油麦菜产量、氮磷利用率随施肥量增加而增加；而继续增加施肥量,增产效果不显著,且品质及氮磷利用率均有所下降。相同施肥量,有机肥部分替代化肥对油麦菜氮磷含量影响不显著,但可提高其产量、品质及氮磷利用率。与化肥对照相比,当有机肥替代比例为25%~75%时,油麦菜的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量可降低19.4%和73.3%。有机肥替代比例为75%时氮磷利用率为最高,较单施化肥提高30.1%和44.8%。【结论】施肥量M且有机肥替代比例为75%处理效果最优,不仅可保证油麦菜产量,还能有效提高品质和氮磷肥利用率。本研究结果可为区域蔬菜种植合理减量配施有机肥提供重要的科学依据,降低区域面源污染风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The prevailing problems in countryside, such as excessive use of chemical fertilize, decline in quality of agricultural products and large amount of livestock waste stock, need to be addressed urgently.【Method】In order to optimize the amount of organic fertilizer applied, the experiment using the field plot trial method was carried out in the planting-breeding combined circular agricultural area of Huanghuai plan and the effects of application amount and fertilization methods of pig manure fertilizer on lettuces production, quality and nitrate/phosphorus utilization rate was investigated.【Result】The basic fertilization amount (M) was 200.0 kg N.ha<sub><sup>-</sup></sub><sub><sup>1</sup></sub>, 96.8 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.ha<sub><sup>-</sup></sub><sub><sup>1</sup></sub>, and the fertilizer mount(50%reduction M, M, and 100% increment) and organic fertilizer replacement ratio (0%M, 25%M, 50%M, 75%M, and 100% M) was set according to test requirements. The results indicated that: when the amount of fertilizer applied was less than M, the yield of lettuces and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase of fertilizer application rate under the condition of single organic fertilizer application. When continuing to increase the amount of fertilizer application, the yield increased non-significantly, and the quality and nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates decreased. When fertilization amount was same, replacing certain amount of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of lettuces, but it could improve its yield, quality and nitrogen and phosphorus utilization. When the ratio of organic fertilizer replacement was 25%~75%, the nitrate and nitrite contents of lettuces were reduced by 19.41% and 73.3% (P<0.05) compared with the chemical fertilizer control. The highest utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was obtained with 75% organic fertilizer replacement ratio, which was 25.73% and 45.66% higher than that of chemical fertilizer control.【Conclusion】In summary, the 75% organic fertilizer with 25% fertilizer group has the best treatment effect on the yield of lettuces, improving the quality and utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer effectively. The results of this study can provide an important scientific basis for the determination of regional vegetable planting fertilizer reduction and cut risk of non-point source pollution. |
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