| 凡超,刘传滨,肖维强,等.‘金苹芒’芒果优质高效设施栽培关键技术研究[J].广东农业科学,2019,(10-11):- |
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‘金苹芒’芒果优质高效设施栽培关键技术研究 |
| Research on key technologies of high quality and efficient facility cultivation of Mango "Jing Ping Mang" |
| 投稿时间：2019-09-09 修订日期：2019-09-09 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 金苹芒芒果 优质高效栽培技术 高接换种 避雨栽培技术 套袋 |
| 英文关键词: Mango high quality and high efficiency cultivation techniques high grafting and replanting rain shelter cultivation technology bagging |
| 基金项目:2019年省级农业科技创新及推广项目“芒果资源与良种示范基地”(2019KJ108)；2019年省级乡村振兴战略专项-现代种业创新提升项目“芒果良种重大科研联合攻关”；广东省农作物种质资源库(圃)建设与资源收集保存、鉴评第一作者：凡超(1981-),男,汉族,硕士研究生,副研究员,主要从事芒果等种质资源收集评价与利用、新品种选育、栽培示范与推广工作,gdfanchao@163.com通信作者：曾继吾(1975-),男,汉族,博士研究生,研究员,主要从事柑橘等果树栽培、新品种选育,栽培生理与生物技术研究工作,jiwuzeng@163.com ,刘传滨<sup>2</sup>,肖维强<sup>1</sup>,匡石滋<sup>1</sup>,向旭<sup>1</sup>,林洁瑶<sup>2</sup>,孙倍煜<sup>2</sup>,曾继吾<sup>1</sup>* |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】"金苹芒"芒果是由广东省农业科学院果树研究所和潮州果树研究所等单位联合从实生群体中单株选育而成的芒果新品种。为充分挖掘新品种的应用与推广潜力,对其设施栽关键培技术进行研究,以期为避雨栽培技术在我国南方多雨地区广泛应用于芒果生产提供理论依据。【方法】以露地栽培为对照(CK),对该品种进行全程避雨栽培,测定并对比分析两种栽培模式对该品种的两性花率、坐果率、果实产量和品质、保鲜与耐贮性的影响。【结果】避雨栽培模式下,新品种‘金苹芒’芒果的总糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量均高于‘紫花芒’芒果,而还原糖、总酸、可滴定酸含量、粗纤维均低于‘紫花芒’芒果。‘金苹芒’芒果的两性花数、挂果数及坐果率均显著高于露地栽培,但在露地栽培条件下,均比‘紫花芒’芒果低。高接后第2年开始结果,平均亩产达608 kg,第3年平均亩产788 kg,第4年平均亩产1280 kg,比露地栽培和‘紫花芒’的平均每亩增产分别为348.27 kg和72.67 kg,亩增收分别为5224.05元和5186.7元,表现出更高的产量及经济效益。‘金苹芒’果实品质表现为总糖11.2 g/100 g,还原糖2.58 g/100 g,蔗糖8.55 g/100 g,总酸4.17 g/kg,可滴定酸4.16 g/kg,可溶性固形物17.9 %,维生素C 23.4 mg/100 mg,粗纤维含量0.2 %；总糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C均高于露地栽培,而还原糖、总酸均低于露地栽培；采用外赤内黑的专用双层果袋效果最佳；40%百可得和万利得(500克/升)混配成1000倍液时保鲜效果最佳。【结论】避雨栽培技术在我国南方多雨芒果种植区具有一定的应用和推广价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】 "Jinpingmang" mango is a new mango variety bred jointly by Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Fruit Tree Research of Chaozhou from a single plant in a seedling population. In order to fully exploit the application and popularization potential of new varieties, the key cultivation techniques of facility planting were studied, and it is in order to provide a theoretical basis for the rain shelter cultivation technology to be widely applied to mango production in rainy areas of southern China.【Method】Taking open field cultivation as control (CK), the effect of two cultivation modes on the male and female flower rate, fruit setting rate, fruit yield and quality, fresh-keeping and storage resistance of CK was determined and compared.【Result】Under rain shelter cultivation mode, the contents of total sugar, sucrose, soluble solids and vitamin C of the new variety "Jinpingmang" mango were higher than those of "Zihuamang", while the contents of reducing sugar, total acid, titratable acid and crude fiber were lower than those of "Zihuamang". The number of bisexual flowers, hanging fruits and fruit setting rate of "Jinpingmang" were significantly higher than those in open field cultivation, but under the open field cultivation conditions, they were lower than "Zihuamang". The average yield per 667 m2 reached 608 kg in the second year after grafting, 788 kg in the third year and 1280 kg in the fourth year. The average yield per 667 m2 increased by 348.27 kg and 72.67 kg, respectively, compared with open field cultivation and "Zihuamang", and the income per 667 m2 increased by 5224.05 Yuan and 5186.7 Yuan, respectively, showing higher yield and economic benefits. The fruit quality of "Jinpingmang" was 11.2 g/100 g of total sugar, 2.58 g/100 g of reducing sugar, 8.55 g/100 g of sucrose, 4.17 g/kg of total acid, 4.16 g/kg of titratable acid, 17.9% of soluble solids, 23.4 mg/100 mg of vitamin C and 0.2% of crude fibre content, respectively. Total sugar, sucrose, soluble solids and vitamin C of "Jinpingmang" were higher than those of open-field cultivation, while reducing sugar and total acid were lower than those in open-field. The special double-layer fruit bags with outer red and inner black had the best effect; the fresh-keeping effect was best when 40% "Baike" and "Wanlide" (500g/L) were mixed with 1000 times liquid.【Conclusion】Rain-shelter cultivation technology has certain application and popularization value in rainy mango planting areas in southern China. |
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