刘春花,梁慧丽,孙承文,等.区域微型生物养护剂对池塘环境改善的作用研究[J].广东农业科学,2019,(11-12):- |
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区域微型生物养护剂对池塘环境改善的作用研究 |
Study on the effect of regional micro-bio-conserving stuff on the improvement of pond environment |
投稿时间:2019-09-10 修订日期:2019-09-26 |
DOI: |
中文关键词: 微型生物养护剂(护料) 浮游藻类 原生动物 水质因子 |
英文关键词: micro-bio-conserving stuff (conserving stuff) water quality parameters microbial flora phytoplankton protozoa |
基金项目:中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2017HY-ZD0504):中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所自主科技创新项目(ZC2019-8) |
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中文摘要: |
【目的】探讨区域微型生物养护剂在水产养殖中改善养殖生态环境的作用机理。【方法】在实验室内用水族缸建立4个模拟池塘生态环境,各组底泥、池水的来源分别为:组1及组3来自南沙健康塘,组2来自南沙非健康塘,组4来自清远非健康塘,各引入鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)3尾、罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)2尾、清道夫鱼(Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus)2尾,搭配合理的投饲管理,定期使用以南沙与清远当地池塘微生物及农业生产次产品制成的池塘微型生物养护剂(护料),观察护料对水质因子、浮游藻类、原生动物及鱼体的养护作用。【结果】使用护料对降低组2及组4的氨氮效果显著,并在模拟实验期间维持各实验组的水质因子相对稳定。实验过程中,浮游藻类震荡增加,试验组的比对照组增速快、变动幅度窄,D90时平均密度、种类数及多样性指数分别依次组4>组1>组3>组2、组2>组4>组1>组3、组4>组2>组1>组3,使用护料可将主要浮游藻类种类养护为绿藻门、硅藻门种类,并降低单一优势种类的比例;在护料的养护下,原生动物的物种丰富度明显增加,D60时各组的平均密度、种类数量及多样性指数均是组1>组3>组2>组4;鱼体存活率大幅提高,各组存活率依次为组1(85.7%)>组2(57.1%)>平均数(50.0%)>组4=组3(28.6%),其中,对水质要求高的鳙鱼在组1、组2中均有1尾存活。【结论】运用护料中适时适地的区域微生物菌群,并随养殖时期调整护料C/N比,可养护池塘养殖系统动态稳定,保持健康养殖。 |
英文摘要: |
In order to explore the mechanism of the action of the regional micro-biological curing agent to improve the ecological environment in aquaculture, the simulated pond ecological environment was established in 4 aquarium tanks, in which the mud and water were collected from a healthy pond in Nansha town of Guangzhou city (Group 1 and 3), a unhealthy pond in Nansha town (Group 2), and a unhealthy pond in Qingyuan city. 3 Aristichthys nobilis, 2 Oreochromis mossambicus and 2 Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus were cultured in each tanks and the scientific feeding management was applied to observe the effects of using conserving stuff on water quality parameters, phytoplankton, protozoa and fish survival rate. The results showed that the conserving stuff helped in a general improvement of aquatic ecosystem in aquarium tanks. The ammonia nitrogen was greatly reduced in Group 2 and 4, and the water physical and chemical factors were more stable during the experiment period. The average algal density, number of species and diversity index in treatment groups grew more rapidly and varied in less narrow range than that in control group, which were Group 4>Group 1>Group 3>Group 2、Group 2>Group 4>Group 1>Group 3、Group 4>Group 2>Group 1>Group 3 on D90 respectively. The main species of phytoplankton could be maintained as chlorophyta and diophyta species, and the proportion of single dominant specie was reduced. The species richness of protozoa increased obviously, and the average density, number of species and diversity index were all Group 1>Group 3>Group 2>Group 4 on D60. The survival rate of fish was significantly increased, which was Group 1(85.7%)>Group 2(57.1%)>average(50.0%)>Group 4 = Group 3(28.6%), and A nobilis was alive in Group 1 and 2, which needs to live in good water condition. The results showed that duing the culture procedures, both the local microorganism in conserving stuff and the adjustable C/N ratio of conserving stuff had played active roles in improving the aquaculture ecosystem and the stability of pond culture system could be maintained in a dynamic balance. |
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