| 涂从勇,王丰.半矮杆水稻之父黄耀祥院士在水稻育种研究上的成就与启迪[J].广东农业科学,2019,(10-11):- |
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半矮杆水稻之父黄耀祥院士在水稻育种研究上的成就与启迪 |
| Achievements and Enlightenment in Rice Breeding Research of Academician Yaoxiang Huang, the father of semidwarf rice |
| 投稿时间：2019-09-26 修订日期：2019-09-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 水稻矮化育种 绿色革命 生态育种 组群筛选 广场矮 |
| 英文关键词: Rice Dwarf rice breeding, Green Revolution Ecological breeding Cross Combination and Population Selection Guangchangai |
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| 摘要点击次数: 513 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在水稻矮化育种成功60周年之际,笔者回顾了黄耀祥院士在水稻育种研究方面的巨大成就。1959年通过人工杂交成功培育出世界上第一个大面积应用的水稻矮秆品种——广场矮,开创了一条水稻矮化育种的新途径。水稻矮化育种的成功,使水稻单产实现了第一次飞跃,与墨西哥的小麦矮化育种一起,引领了农业史上的第一次绿色革命,并为第二次绿色革命——杂交水稻的研究与发展奠定了重要基础。此后,在水稻矮化育种基础上,他先后开创了水稻丛化育种、半矮杆“早长”超高产育种、半矮秆“早长、根深”超高产(特)优质育种和超级稻育种,创建了高效的杂交育种“组群筛选法”,从而建立水稻生态育种科学体系,丰富和发展了水稻育种学。他带领育种团队先后培育出60多个水稻新品种,其中推广面积超过66.7万公顷的品种有15个,先后获得国家、省(部)级等各类科技成果奖15项,为我国的粮食增产和水稻科技进步做出了重大贡献。本文通过回顾黄耀祥院士在水稻育种研究上取得的主要成就,展示他不断解决水稻生产问题时的思路和方法,总结他求真务实、敏锐创新、甘于奉献、执着追求的精神品质,以期对农业科研工作者有所启迪和激励作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| On the 60th anniversary of rice dwarf breeding, the author reviewed the great achievements made by Academician Yaoxiang Huang, the father of semi-dwarf rice, in the field of rice breeding. He led the team to develop the world"s first and widely used indica dwarf rice variety, Guangchangai,Sthrough artificial hybridization in 1959, and created a new way of rice dwarf breeding. The semidwarf rice breeding has realized the first leap in rice yield per unit area, and led the first Green Revolution in agricultural history with dwarf wheat breeding in Mexico together; it also laid an important foundation for the development of hybrid rice, the second Green Revolution. On the basis of rice dwarfing breeding, he successively initiated “Cross Combination and Population Selection”, “semi-dwarf, early-growing and super-high yield breeding”, semi-dwarf, early-growing, deep-rooted and super-high yield (special) quality breeding and “Super Rice breeding”, and established an efficient Group screening method for the conventional hybridization breeding, and then formed a scientific system of ecological breeding, which has enriched and developed the discipline of rice breeding. He led the breeding team and had developed more than 60 rice varieties, including 15 varieties with an area of more than 666.7 thousand hectares. He won 15 awards for various scientific and technological achievements at the national, provincial (ministerial) level, and made great contributions to the increase of grain production and the progress of rice science and technology in China.In this paper, we have demonstrated Academician Yaoxiang Huang’s thoughts and methods in solving the problems countered in rice production, and have also summed up his spirit of seeking truth, being practical, sharp, innovative and willing to dedicate and pursue persistently in rice breeding research by reviewing his major achievements made in rice breeding. |
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