菌渣堆肥替代部分化肥对土壤质量及芥菜产量与品质的影响

李海渤; 杨春亚; 梁秀荷; 朱云娜; 冯慧敏

文章摘要

李海渤,杨春亚,梁秀荷,等.菌渣堆肥替代部分化肥对土壤质量及芥菜产量与品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2024,(6-8):-

PDF HTML 菌渣堆肥替代部分化肥对土壤质量及芥菜产量与品质的影响

Effects of mushroom residue compost replacing part of chemical fertilizer on soil quality and yield and quality of mustard

投稿时间：2023-12-15 修订日期：2024-03-27

DOI：

中文关键词: 堆肥土壤肥力水东芥紫妃花青素产量品质

英文关键词: Compost Soil Fertility Shuidong Mustard Zifei mustard Anthocyanin Yield Quality

基金项目:2021年广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(210903164532210)；韶关市科技计划项目(210710114530486/ 220725116272795)。

作者	单位	邮编
李海渤	广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室韶关学院生物与农业学院	512005
杨春亚	广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室韶关学院生物与农业学院
梁秀荷	广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室韶关学院生物与农业学院
朱云娜	广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室韶关学院生物与农业学院
冯慧敏^*	广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室韶关学院生物与农业学院	512005

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中文摘要:

【目的】水东芥原产广东茂名电白区水东彭村,中国国家地理标志产品。紫妃芥菜(紫叶芥菜,Purple leaf mustard, PL)为韶关学院2020年以水东芥杂交选育成功的高花青素芥菜新品种,其施肥技术有待研究。有机肥替代部分化肥被认为是土壤改良、作物提产增质较为有效的施肥措施,研究有机肥替代部分化肥对土壤性质及芥菜产量和品质的影响程度,对指导芥菜科学生产具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以灵芝菌渣堆肥为供试有机肥,以绿叶水东芥(Green leaf Shuidong mustard, GL)、紫妃芥菜(PL)为供试作物进行盆栽试验,以单施化肥(常规施肥)为对照(CK),设置了低、中、高量菌渣堆肥替代部分化肥的3个处理：T1、T2、T3,测定了芥菜采收后土壤物理性粘粒含量(soil physical clay content,PC,<0.01 mm)、pH、有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)、碱解氮(alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,AN)、有效磷(available phosphorus,AP)、速效钾(available potassium,AK)以及芥菜株高(plant height,PH)、鲜重(fresh weight,FW)、根长(root length,RL)、叶绿素(chlorophyll,Chl)、花青素(anthocyanin,Ant)、可溶性糖(soluble sugar,SS)和维生素C(vitamin C,V_C)等15个指标,并分析不同处理土壤性质及芥菜产量和品质的差异。【结果】研究发现,随着菌渣堆肥用量的增加,除pH和物理性黏粒含量外,其他13个指标均呈增加趋势(T1＜T2＜T3),T1、T2、T3土壤有机质及芥菜根长、可溶性糖和V_C含量均优于CK(CK＜T1＜T2＜T3),土壤有效磷、速效钾及芥菜鲜重、叶绿素、花青素含量仅T3优于CK(T3＞CK≥T2＞T1),碱解氮CK优于T1、T2、T3(CK＞T3＞T2＞T1),株高T3、CK水平相当,高于T2、T1(T3、CK＞T2＞T1)。与CK相比,T3中GL/PL有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高13.24%/14.28%、6.74%/6.06%和6.43%/6.04%,碱解氮低了0.81%/1.45%,芥菜鲜重、根长、叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖和V_C含量分别提高了0.33%/6.64%、34.65%/43.29%、11.03%/6.53%、53.36%/44.45%和16.66%/15.44%,株高、花青素变化不大。【结论】菌渣堆肥替代部分化肥,有助于土壤改良、芥菜增产提质,T3肥效最好。

英文摘要:

【Objective】Shuidong mustard originates from Shuidong Peng village, Dianbai District, Maoming, Guangdong Province. It is a national geographical indication product in China. Zifei mustard (Purple leaf mustard, PL) is a new variety of high anthocyanin mustard bred by crossing Shuidong mustard in Shaoguan University in 2020, and its fertilization technology needs to be further studied. Organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer is considered to be a more effective fertilization measure for soil improvement and crop yield and quality. It is of great significance to guide the scientific production of mustard to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on soil properties, yield and quality of mustard. 【Method】In this study, the Ganoderma lucidum residue compost was used as the test organic fertilizer, the green leaf Shuidong mustard (GL) and Zifei mustard (PL) were used as the test crops for pot experiment. With single application of chemical fertilizer (conventional fertilization) as control (CK), three treatments of low, medium and high mushroom residue compost replacing part of chemical fertilizer were set: T1, T2 and T3, the indexes of soil physical clay content (PC, <0.01 mm particle content), pH, SOM, AN, AP, AK, H, FW, RL, Chl, Ant, SS and Vc content of mustard after harvest were measured, and the differences of soil physical and chemical indexes and yield and quality of mustard under different treatments were analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that, with the increase of the amount of mushroom residue compost, besides pH and PC content (<0.01 mm particle content),other 13 indexes increased (T1 < T2 < T3). The SOM, RL, SS and Vc content of T1, T2 and T3 were better than CK (CK < T1 < T2 < T3), the contents of soil AP, AK, FW, Chl and Ant of mustard were only T3 better than CK (T3 > CK ≥ T2 > T1), and the AN of CK was better than T1, T2 and T3 (CK > T3 > T2 > T1), and the PH of T3 and CK were equivalent, and both were higher than T2 and T1 (T3, CK > T2 > T1). Compared with CK, the SOM, AP and AK content of GL / PL in T3 increased by 13.24% / 14.28%, 6.74% / 6.06% and 6.43% / 6.04%, AN decreased by 0.81% / 1.45%, FW, RL, the contents of Chl, SS and VC of leaf increased by 0.33% / 6.64%, 34.65% / 43.29%, 11.03% / 6.53%, 53.36% / 44.45% and 16.66% / 15.44% respectively, while the PH and Ant changed little. 【Conclusion】It shows that the mushroom residue compost replacing part of chemical fertilizer can improve the soil, and the production and quality of mustard. Moreover, the fertilizer effect of T3 is the best.

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