| 邢俊连.水稻抗旱性研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2024,(5-7):- |
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水稻抗旱性研究进展 |
| Research progress on drought resistance in rice |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-20 修订日期：2024-03-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 抗旱性 鉴定 机制 QTL |
| 英文关键词: Oryza sativa L. Drought resistance Identification Mechanism QTL |
| 基金项目:水稻节水抗旱种质创新与新品种培育(2022-NYP-00-002)；国家重点研发计划子课题-珍稀濒危种质资源监测与保护技术研究(2021YFD1200101-05)；稻种资源考察与保护精深鉴评与创新利用(粤财农﹝2023﹞145号)；广东省农业科学院水稻研究所优谷计划(2022YG01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水稻是全世界超过1/3人口的主粮,是人类赖以生存和生产的重要物质基础和保障。然而,多数水稻主产区正面临的淡水资源匮乏问题严重制约水稻生长,导致水稻产量骤减而出现粮食安全隐患。因此,深入探究水稻抗旱机理、选育推广节水抗旱水稻品种不仅有利于节约与合理利用淡水资源,还对保障世界粮食安全具有重要意义。研究表明,水稻已进化形成激素含量调节、活性氧清除、渗透调节、角质蜡沉积和根架构改善等一系列机制以应对干旱胁迫。研究人员利用关联作图、全基因组关联分析、表达谱以及多组学联合分析等方法已挖掘与水稻抗旱性相关的转录因子、转运蛋白、泛素化酶、蛋白酶及蛋白激酶等,表明水稻抗旱性是受多基因控制的数量性状。然而,这些基因调控水稻抗旱的机理并不清晰。另外,通过水稻抗旱性相关农艺性状的鉴评、生理生化特征和产量的测定,已筛选和培育出抗旱性强的稻种资源和水稻品种。抗旱性水稻从资源稳定到品种的周期长,不能满足水资源匮乏的水稻主产区对强抗旱性水稻品种的迫切需要,因此,扩大强抗旱性稻种资源筛选规模和加深水稻抗旱性机理研究尤其重要。本文通过搜集与查阅国内外近二十年水稻抗旱性相关文献,归纳与总结了三类水稻抗旱性常规鉴定指标,综合分析了水稻抗旱性重要机制和抗旱性关键基因(QTL)的最新进展,结合我国淡水资源不充足和稻种资源丰富的实际情况,提出加强鉴评和创新利用强抗旱性稻种资源以及加快水稻抗旱性机理研究等的建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the main staple food for over one-third of the world"s population, rice is crucial for human survival and productivity. However, major rice-producing regions are facing serious water scarcity issues, which severely restrict rice growth, leading to a sudden decreased production and posing a threat to food security. Thus, studies of drought resistance mechanisms, as well as breeding and application of water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties are not only beneficial for conserving and utilizing freshwater resources in a sustainable manner but also holds significant importance for ensuring global food security. It has shown that rice has evolved a series of mechanisms to cope with drought stress, including hormone regulation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, osmotic regulation, cuticle wax deposition and root architecture improvement. Researchers have identified many drought genes related to transcription factors, transport proteins, ubiquitin ligases, proteases, and protein kinases by using genetic mapping, GWAS, expression profiling, and multi-omics integrative analysis, it indicated that drought resistance of rice is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these genes are still not that clear. Furthermore, there are many drought-resistant rice resources and varieties have been screened and bred through the evaluation of agronomic traits, physiological, biochemical characteristics and yield. But It cannot meet the urgent need for the arid regions as it take a long period from natural resources to varieties. Therefore, it is particularly important to scale the screening of germplasm resources and dedicate to the study of drought resistance mechanisms of rice.This article collected and reviewed literature related to rice drought resistance over the past two decades worldwide, and summarized three types of conventional identification indexes for rice drought resistance. Then comprehensively analyzed the latest progress of important mechanisms and genes (QTLs) for rice drought resistance. Finally, proposed the suggestions that we need enhance the evaluation and innovative utilization of the germplasm resources, as well as accelerate the study of the mechanism as we have insufficient fresh water and abundant rice germplasm resources. |
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