| 张杏锋，李丹，高波.重金属在超富集植物少花龙葵和李氏禾体内的分布和移动特征[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(16):151-155 |
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重金属在超富集植物少花龙葵和李氏禾体内的分布和移动特征 |
| Distribution and movement characteristics of heavy metals in hyperaccumulators: Solanum photeinocarpum and Leersia hexandra |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 重金属 超富集植物 少花龙葵 李氏禾 富集特征 |
| 英文关键词: heavy metal hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum Leersia hexandra enrichment characteristics |
| 基金项目:广西自然科学基金（2013GXNSFBA019026）；“八桂学者”建设工程专项；“广西危险废物处置产业化人才小高地”项· |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1526 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过研究超富集植物少花龙葵和李氏禾在加镉/铬和去镉/铬处理中重金属的富集情况，探讨镉/铬在这两种植物体内的分布和移动特征。结果显示，少花龙葵在100 mg/L Cd 污染时生物量显著高于对照，根、茎和叶镉含量分别达到22930、3250、94 mg/kg，富集系数分别为229、32.5和0.9。去镉处理改变了镉在少花龙葵体内的分布模式。少花龙葵根、茎的镉浓度在去镉处理比加镉处理降低31.2%和35.9%，叶的镉浓度上升90.3%。少花龙葵在加镉处理成熟叶（第2、3 片叶）的镉含量最高，在去镉处理中转移至老叶（第1片）和新叶（第5、6片）中。李氏禾在加铬处理20mg/LCr（Ⅲ）和20 mg/LCr（Ⅳ）时叶生物显著低于对照袁但在去铬处理恢复正常。在20mg/LCr（Ⅲ）和20mg/LCr（Ⅳ）处理中李氏禾根、茎和叶的铬浓度相当，分别为7114、1 021、223mg/kg，富集系数分别为352、51和6.8。李氏禾不同叶位的叶片铬浓度相差不大，去铬处理没有改变铬在李氏禾体内的分布模式。结果表明，少花龙葵和李氏禾对镉或者铬污染具有很好的修复效果；镉在少花龙葵体内具有移动性，镉离子进入植物根、茎和叶后，受到外部环境影响可以进行再分配；李氏禾对铬的吸收是一个单方向过程，先在根系中积累，进而跨膜转运至茎中，少部分转移叶中，铬进入植物体各部位，很难进行再分配。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| An experiment was conducted in greenhouse to study the distribution and movement characteristics ofheavy metals in hyperaccumulators: Solanum photeinocarpum and Leersia hexandra by adding and dislodging Cd or Cr. The results showed that the biomass of S. photeinocarpum in 100 mg/L Cd pollution was significantly higher than that in control. The Cd concentration of roots, stems and leaves were 22 930, 3 250 and 94 mg/kg, respectively, and the enrichment coefficients were 229, 32.5 and 0.9, respectively. The distribution pattern of Cd in S. photeinocarpum changed, and Cd concentrations decreased by 31.2% and 35.9% in plant roots and stems, and increased by 90.3% in leaves after the external Cd source was removed. Cd concentration was the highest in mature leaves (the second and third leaf) in Cd addion treatment and was transferred to the old leaves (the first leaf) in cadmium treatment and new leaves (the fifth and sixth leaf) after the external Cd source was removed. Leaf biomasses of L. hexandra in 20 mg/L Cr(Ⅲ) and 20 mg/kg Cr(Ⅳ) treatments were significantly lower than that in control, but returned to normal after the external Cr source was removed. The Cr concentrations of plant roots, stems and leaves in 20 mg/L Cr (Ⅲ) and 20 mg/L Cr (Ⅳ) treatments were the same and accumulated 7 114, 1 021 and 223 mg/kg, respectively, and the enrichment coefficients were 352,51 and 6.8. There was no difference among leaves in different leaf position. The distribution pattern of Cr in L.hexandra unchanged after the external Cd source was removed. The results indicate that S. photeinocarpum and L. hexandra have very good remediation efficiency for Cd and Cr pollution. Cd has mobility in S. photeinocarpum and can be redistributed when the external environment changes after it enters into the plant roots, stems and leaves. The Cr absorption of L. hexandra is a one-way process and Cr is first accumulated in the plant roots, and then transported by transmembrane to the stems and leaves. Once Cr enters into L. hexandra, it could be difficult to redistribute. |
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