| 韩冬梅1，曾 婷2，李建光1，罗 焘2，李保建3，吴振先2.龙眼果实挂树成熟与退糖期间的解剖学结构比较[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(4):43-50 |
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龙眼果实挂树成熟与退糖期间的解剖学结构比较 |
| Comparative observation on the anatomical structure of Longan fruit during ripening and sugar-dropping on tree |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.04.007 |
| 中文关键词: 龙眼 挂树成熟 退糖 果皮结构 果肉结构 纤维化 |
| 英文关键词: Longan maturing on tree sugar-dropping pericarp structure aril structure fibrosis |
| 基金项目:广东省公益研究与能力建设项目（2016A020210042）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金
（CARS-33-15）；广东省扬帆计划团队项目（2014yT02H013） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以石硖和储良两个品种龙眼（Dimocarps longana Lour. cv. Shixia and Chuliang）果实为试材，比
较了挂树成熟与衰老（退糖）期间果皮和果肉的解剖学结构，测定了成熟与衰老期间果肉可溶性固形物
（TSS）含量。结果表明：石硖成熟期比储良短，分别为14 d 和21 d，之后退糖，TSS 含量的下降速率分别
为每天0.60% 和0.31%。完全成熟时，龙眼果皮组织结构较为完整，外果皮为数层平行排列的变形细胞，附
着不连续的角质层和蜡块；中果皮为大的层状薄壁细胞，间以块状栓质组织、石细胞和维管束；内果皮为
1～2 层紧密排列的薄壁细胞，胞壁角质层深厚；果肉表面光滑，薄壁细胞结构清晰完整、排列整齐。退糖
时，外表皮的蜡质层和表皮毛脱落，外、中果皮里的胞间隙或层状缝隙增大，内果皮表面出现破损和“钉”
状突起物；果肉表面皱褶增多，结构塌陷，胞壁可能增厚。不同龙眼品种之间的果皮结构差异主要在于成熟
时的中果皮，石硖细胞排列紧密、缝隙小而少，而储良细胞间隙较大；果肉结构差异在于成熟时石硖胞壁坚
挺、呈长圆形，而储良胞壁卷曲、呈狭长型，刚性弱于石硖；退糖时储良果肉皱缩塌陷比石硖明显，但后者
出现细胞壁纤维化增厚的特异现象。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper studied the changes of pericarp and aril structure of longan fruit during ripening and
senescence（ sugar-dropping） on tree，and the two longan cultivars cv. Shixia and Chuliang were used as the
materials，and the TSS content was also been determined. The results showed that duration of ripening of Shixia and
Chuliang fruit was 14 d and 21 d，then the sugar-drpping began，and their TSS content dropping rate was 0.60% and 0.31% every day，respectively. When the fruit got ripening，the pericarp structure was still intact，the exocarp was
composed of severral layers of parallel arranged metamorphic cells with some discontinuous cuticle and wax blocks
attached to the outer epidermis，the mesocarp composed of large lamellar parenchyma cells with lumpish suberins，
stone cells and vascular bundles among them，and the endocarp composed of 1～2 layers of tightly arranged
parenchyma cells with thick cuticle in cell wall. Meanwhile，the aril surface was smooth，and the parenchyma cell
was complete，clear and arranged neatly. When the TSS content dropping，there was less waxy layer and epidermal
hairs on epidermis，while much larger chinks or layered gaps within exocarp and mesocarp，and some crackes，
holes and some prejections like a nail on the endocarp surface. At the same time，the aril structure collapsed with
many creases，and the cell wall might turn thicken with sags and fractures. It’s found that the difference in pericarp
between cultivars when ripening was mainly due to the mesocarp，where the cells in Shixia were arranged more closely
with smaller and fewer gaps than Chuliang，as well as the significant differences in aril. The aril cell wall of Shixia
was firmer in a oblong shape than that of Chuliang，yet the latter’s cell wall at the incision crooked in a narrow shape
with weaker rigidity than the former. Forthermore，when sugar-dropping，the shrinkage and collapse of Chuliang’s
aril were more serious than those of Shixia，but in which the thickening of cell wall was more obvious. |
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