| 程 瑶1，李修能1，马吴成1，张 欢1，韩 瑞1，张忠启2.甜叶菊苷提取下脚料固体发酵制备盐土改良基研究[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(11):110-117 |
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甜叶菊苷提取下脚料固体发酵制备盐土改良基研究 |
| Study on preparation of saline soil improvement base by solid fermentation of stevioside extract leftovers |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.11.017 |
| 中文关键词: 甜叶菊 甜叶菊苷 下脚料 板框泥 固体发酵 盐土改良基 |
| 英文关键词: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl. stevioside leftovers waste mud solid fermentation saline soil improvement base |
| 基金项目:江苏省高校自然科学基金（18KJB210005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 甜叶菊苷提取后的下脚料短时间内难以分解，且长期堆置易对环境造成污染。下脚料废渣中含有大量颗粒状的茎秆块，需要长时间高温分解；废泥密度大，通气效果差；废渣和废泥严重制约下脚料的资源化利用。为减轻其污染，实现资源高效利用，对甜叶菊苷提取后的下脚料进行资源化利用研究，探究将下脚料废渣和泥固体发酵作为基质用于农田生产以及改良盐土的可能性，设置不同比例的固体堆料进行发酵，测定发酵过程中堆体的特征、温度和水分变化、发酵腐熟度等，并进行成品盐土田间试验，测定不同施用量下青椒的地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重等生理指标。研究结果表明，条垛式固体发酵温度上限为60℃，相较于其他处理，1∶1甜叶菊苷和板框泥+鸡粪处理（T3）升温快，高温维持时间长，发酵结束基质含水量低，腐殖酸腐熟度高，微生物活性强；1∶1甜叶菊苷和板框泥+鸡粪配比在青椒育苗时可增强根系活力，显著促进株高、叶面积生长，以每667 m2农地施用5 000 kg新型有机肥降盐效果最好，且作物品质最佳。试验结果可以作为甜叶菊苷下脚料资源化利用的基础，为快速消纳企业生产中产生的固体废弃物提供理论基础以及为研究新型盐土改良基提供新思路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The leftovers after stevioside extraction is difficult to decompose in a short time, and long-term stacking is easy to cause pollution to the environment. There are a lot of granular stalks in stevia leftovers, which need to decompose at high temperature for a long time; the density of waste mud is large and the effect of ventilation is poor; waste residue and waste mud seriously restrict resource utilization of leftovers. In order to reduce the pollution and realize the efficient use of resources, the resource utilization research of the stevia extract was carried out, and the possibility of using the waste residue and mud solid fermentation as a substrate for farmland production and improving saline soil was explored. Different proportions of solid stocks were set for fermentation, and the characteristics of the pile, temperature and moisture changes, fermented maturity, etc. during the fermentation process were determined, and the finished salt soil field test was carried out to determine the physiological indexes such as aboveground fresh weight and underground fresh weight of green pepper under different application amount.The results showed that the upper limit of stacking solid fermentation temperature was 60℃. Compared with other treatments, 1∶1 stevia leftovers and frame mud + chicken manure treatment (T3) had faster temperature rise, longer high temperature maintenance time, lower water content of substrate at the end of fermentation, higher humic acid maturity and stronger microbial activity. 1∶1 stevioside and plate-frame mud + chicken manure ratio could enhance root activity and significantly promote plant height and leaf area growth. Applying 5 000 kg of new organic fertilizer per 667 m2 of farmland has the best salt-reducing effect and the best crop quality. The test results could be used as the basis for the resource utilization of stevioside, which providing a theoretical basis for the rapid consumption of solid waste generated in the production of the enterprise and a new idea for the study of the new salt soil improvement base. |
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