不同空间尺度下西南高原山地基本农田质量景观格局分析

王  琳 1; 赵俊三1; 黄义忠 1; 陈国平 2

文章摘要

王琳 1 ，赵俊三1 ，黄义忠 1 ，陈国平 2.不同空间尺度下西南高原山地基本农田质量景观格局分析[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(2):120-129

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Analysis on Landscape Pattern of Basic Farmland Quality in South Western Plateau Mountain Region at Different Spatial Scales

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.02.018

中文关键词: 景观格局多尺度空间自相关高原山地基本农田

英文关键词: landscape pattern Multi-scale spatial autocorrelation plateau mountain basic farmland

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41761081）

作者	单位
王琳 1 ，赵俊三1 ，黄义忠 1 ，陈国平 2	1. 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南昆明 650093； 2. 昆明冶金高等专科学校测绘学院，云南昆明 650033

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中文摘要:

【目的】对景观格局特征和空间差异进行定量研究，为基本农田科学布局优化及国土空间规划提供依据。【方法】以典型西南山地云南省基本农田数据为基础，在综合考虑省域和市域不同空间尺度基础上，结合基本农田质量、坡度和地类综合分析，将景观生态理论方法与 GIS 空间统计分析方法相结合。【结果】德宏州耕地质量等级最高为 8.49、怒江州最低为 11.70，耕地类型组合数最高为 5；省级尺下度景观分布基本农田整体分布细碎，市级尺度下多样性指数以德宏地区最高为 2.0612、怒江州最低为 0.6215，结合优势度、均匀度和集中度指数，德宏、西双版纳、大理、玉溪等地基本农田质量较高、分布多样性较高、分布均匀；省级尺度下基本农田景观格局指数和耕地质量的全局 Moran's I 指数值分别为 0.2052、0.0310，基本农田面积比值的全局 Moran's I 指数为 0.6046，市级尺度下 Moran's I 指数最高的为曲靖市 0.8145、最低为昭通市 0.3541。【结论】西南高原山地基本农田景观格局总体分布细碎，质量等别差距大且高质量基本农田较少；在省级尺度下基本农田质量关联性弱，在市级尺度下基本农田质量则存在较强的空间自相关性；基本农田局部空间自相关聚类类型分布与核密度分布相近，核密度值较高的地区空间关系呈正相关，核密度稀疏的低值区空间关系呈负相关。

英文摘要:

【Objective】A quantitative research of landscape pattern characteristics and spatial differences was conducted so as to provide a basis for the optimization of scientific layout of basic farmland and land space planning. 【Method】Based on the basic farmland of typical southwestern plateau mountain region in Yunnan Province, taking different spatial scales such as provincial and municipal areas into comprehensive consideration, and in view of comprehensive analysis of basic farmland quality, slope and land types, the landscape ecological theory method was combined with the GIS spatial statistical analysis method.【Result】Dehong Prefecture had the highest grade of farmland quality at 8.49, while Nujiang Prefecture had the lowest grade at 11.70, with the highest number of combinations of cultivated land types being 5. The basic farmlands were distributed in a fragmentary landscape pattern at the provincial scale. Dehong had the highest diversity index at the municipal scale, i.e. 2.0612, while Nujiang had the lowest index, i.e. 0.6215. According to the dominance, uniformity and concentration index, Dehong, Xishuangbanna, Dali and Yuxi, among others, had high quality, highly diversified and uniformly distributed basic farmlands; the global Moran's I index of the basic farmland landscape pattern index and the farmland quality were 0.2052 and 0.0310, respectively, while that of the basic farmland area ratios was 0.6046. Qujing had the highest Moran's I index at the municipal scale, i.e. 0.8145, while Zhaotong had the lowest index, i.e. 0.3541.【Conclusion】The basic farmlands in the southwestern plateau mountain region are distributed in a fragmentary landscape pattern. with great quality difference and few high-quality basic farmlands. The basic farmlands have weak quality correlation at a provincial scale, but strong spatial autocorrelation at a municipal scale, with a cluster distribution of local spatial autocorrelation similar to kernel density distribution. The areas with high kernel density value have positively correlated spatial relations, while those with low kernel density have negatively correlated spatial relation.

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