不同活化剂对两种富硒土壤上烤烟生长及吸收累积硒的影响

贾海江 1; 路　丹 2; 韦建玉1; 张得平 3; 张宏旺 2; 石保峰 3; 沈方科 2

文章摘要

贾海江 1 ，路　丹 2，韦建玉1 ，张得平 3，张宏旺 2，石保峰 3，沈方科 2.不同活化剂对两种富硒土壤上烤烟生长及吸收累积硒的影响[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(12):56-65

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Effects of Different Activators on the Growth andSelenium Absorption and Accumulation of Tobacco on Two Kinds of Selenium-rich Soil

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.12.008

中文关键词: 烤烟土壤活化剂硒农艺性状生物量

英文关键词: tobacco soil activator selenium agronomic characters biomass

基金项目:广西重点研发项目（桂科 AB16380160）

作者	单位
贾海江 1 ，路　丹 2，韦建玉1 ，张得平 3，张宏旺 2，石保峰 3，沈方科 2	1. 广西中烟工业有限责任公司，广西南宁 530001； 2. 广西大学农学院 / 广西大学植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心，广西南宁 530005； 3 广西壮族自治区烟草公司贺州市公司，广西贺州 542899

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中文摘要:

【目的】探明 4 种活化剂对富硒水稻土和赤红壤上烤烟生长、生物量以及各部位吸收累积硒的影响，为富硒烟叶生产提供理论依据。【方法】以云烟 87 为试验材料，采用土壤盆栽试验，设置 4 种不同成分的硒活化剂处理，分别为活化剂 A(T1)、活化剂 B(T2) 活化剂 C(T3) 和活化剂 D(T4)，以不添加活化剂为对照。【结果】在水稻土上，T4 处理提高了移栽 30 d 和 75 d 烤烟的株高、叶片数、最大叶面积和茎围，移栽 30 d 烤烟上述指标比 CK 提高幅度分别为 9.34%、15.38%、40.56% 和 13.81%。移栽 75 d 烤烟上述指标比 CK 提高幅度分别为 19.83%、1.04%、37.78% 和 14.66%。在赤红壤上，T4 处理提高了移栽 30 d 烤烟的最大叶面积和茎围，4 种活化剂处理均提高了移栽 75 d 烤烟的农艺性状（株高、叶片数、最大叶面积、茎围），其中 T4 处理提高烤烟的株高和叶片数幅度最大，T1 处理提高烤烟的最大叶面积和茎围幅度最大。T4 处理显著提高两种富硒土壤上移栽 75 d 烤烟的总生物量，水稻土上总生物量提高幅度为 30.44%，赤红壤上总生物量提高幅度为 22.08%。4 种活化剂处理均有利于提高两种富硒土壤上烤烟后期各部位硒累积量及总累积量。在水稻土上，烟株硒总累积量表现为 T3 ＞ T2 ＞ T4 ＞ T1 ＞ CK。在赤红壤上，烟株硒总累积量表现为 T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T3 ＞ T1 ＞ CK，并且赤红壤上烟株的硒总累积量明显高于水稻土。【结论】烤烟各指标受土壤类型的影响，在水稻土上活化剂对烤烟的生长影响较大，但是对硒吸收累积的效果赤红壤优于水稻土。整体上，T4 处理对促进烟株的生长、生物量提高及吸收累积硒的效果最优，可作为贺州烟区天然富硒烟叶生产的优良活化剂。

英文摘要:

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for the production of selenium-rich tobacco, the effectsof four different activators on the growth, biomass and absorption of selenium in various parts of tobacco in selenium-rich paddy soil and latosolic red soil were studied.【Method】Taking Yunyan 87 as the experimental material, four selenium activators with different components were set for treatments: activator A(T1), activator B(T2), activator C(T3) and activator D(T4), and the control treatment (CK) without adding activator was conducted by pot experiment.【Result】In paddy soil, T4 increased the plant height, leaf number, maximum leaf area and stem circumference of tobacco after transplanting for 30 d and 75 d. Compared with CK, the above indicators of tobacco after transplanting for 30 d increased by 9.34%, 15.38%, 40.56% and 13.81%, respectively. While the above indexes of tobacco after transplanting for 75 d increased by 19.83%, 1.04%, 37.78% and 14.66%, respectively. In latosolic red soil, T4 improved the maximum leaf area and stem circumference of tobacco after transplanting for 30 d, and four activators improved the agronomic traits (plant height, leaf number, maximum leaf area and stem circumference) tobacco after transplanting for 75 d, among which T4 had the biggest improvement in plant height and leaf number of tobacco, and T1 had the biggest improvement in leaf area and stem circumference of tobacco. T4 significantly increased the total biomass of tobacco after transplanting for 75 d on two selenium-rich soils. The total biomass was increased by 30.44% on the paddy soil, and that was increased by 22.08% on latosolic red soil. Four activators were beneficial to increase the selenium accumulation and total accumulation in different parts of tobacco on two kinds of selenium-rich soils. On paddy soil, the total selenium accumulation of tobacco showed as: T3 ＞ T2 ＞ T4 ＞ T1 ＞ CK. On latosolic red soil, the total selenium accumulation of tobacco showed as T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T3 ＞ T1 ＞ CK, and the total selenium accumulation of tobacco on the latosolic red soil was higher than that on the paddy soil.【Conclusion】The indexes of tobacco are influenced by soil type. The activator has a greater influence on tobacco growth on paddy soil, but the effect of selenium absorption and accumulation on latosolic red soil is better than that on the paddy soil. In conclusion, T4 has the best effect for promoting the growth of tobacco plants as well as increasing the biomass and selenium absorption and accumulation, and it can be used as a suitable activator for the production of natural selenium-rich tobacco leaves in Hezhou tobacco region.

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