| 蒲小明 1
，陈锐明 2，周松丁 3，黄爱玲 4，路 征 5，张景欣 1
，沈会芳 1
，林壁润 1.电动和手动喷雾器水稻田喷雾农药利用率及雾滴分布比较[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(1):105-114 |
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电动和手动喷雾器水稻田喷雾农药利用率及雾滴分布比较 |
| Comparison of Utilization Rates and Droplets Distributionof Pesticides Sprayed by Electric and ManualSprayers in Rice Fields |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.01.015 |
| 中文关键词: 电动喷雾器 手动喷雾器 诱惑红 吡蚜酮 氯虫苯甲酰胺 春雷霉素 农药利用率 雾滴 |
| 英文关键词: electric sprayer manual sprayer allura red pymetrozine chlorobenzamide kasugamycin pesticide utilization rate droplet |
| 基金项目:世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目（MYWRZL-ZX1902）；广东省烟草科技项目（201802，201908）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系绿色发展共性关键技术研发创新团队项目（2019KJ112） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】比较手动和电动喷雾器在水稻上喷施3种农药的有效利用率及药液雾滴分布效果。
【方法】在惠州市惠阳区两个镇和博罗县两个镇开展晚稻农药利用率小区试验，供试药剂为50%吡蚜酮水分散
粒剂、5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和2%春雷霉素水剂，农药药液加入诱惑红示踪剂，采用五点取样法、雾滴卡和分
光光度计（501 nm）等方法和仪器。【结果】电动喷雾器喷施吡蚜酮、氯虫苯甲酰胺和春雷霉素3种药液的农药
利用率分别为39.43%、38.03%和38.98%，而手动喷雾器处理的农药利用率分别为29.02%、28.08%和28.50%，电
动喷雾器处理比手动喷雾处理分别提高10.41、9.95、10.93个百分点，且电动喷雾器处理的农药利用率均显著高
于手动喷雾器处理。雾滴沉积分布试验结果表明：手动和电动喷雾器处理雾滴沉积量在水稻均是自上而下逐渐
递减，且水稻不同层间雾滴沉积量差异显著。雾滴粒径分析结果表明：手动喷雾器处理在水稻中层和下层的雾
滴粒径均显著大于电动喷雾器处理。雾滴数量分析结果表明：电动喷雾器处理在水稻中层和下层雾滴数量均高
于手动喷雾器处理，且下层雾滴数量达到差异显著水平。【结论】电动喷雾器在广东省晚造水稻抽穗期喷施3种
药剂的农药利用率均大于38%，比手动喷雾器处理提高9.95~10.41个百分点，且电动喷雾器比手动喷雾器的雾化
效果更优。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The effective utilization rates and droplets distribution effects of three pesticides sprayed on
rice by manual sprayer and electric sprayer were compared.【Method】The plot experiments were carried out on pesticide
utilization rate of late rice in two towns of Huiyang District and two towns of Boluo County of Guangdong Province. The tested
pesticides included 50% pymetrozine water dispersible granule (WDG), 5% chlorpromazide suspension concentrate (SC)
and 2% kasugamycin aqueous solutions (AS), and the allura red tracers were added into the pesticide diluents. Five point
sampling method, droplet cards and spectrophotometer (501nm) were used in the research.【Results】The utilization rates
of pymetrozine, chlorobenzamide and kasugamycin on rice sprayed by electric sprayers were 39.43%, 38.03% and 38.98%,
respectively; while the rates by manual sprayers were 29.02%, 28.08% and 28.50%, respectively. Compared with those of the
manual sprayer treatment, the effective deposition rates of three pesticides sprayed by the electric sprayer increased by 10.41,
9.95 and 10.93 percentage points, respectively. Moreover, the effective deposition rates of the electric sprayer treatments were
significantly higher than those of the manual spray treatments. The results of droplets deposition distribution assay indicated
that, both of manual and electric sprayer treatments decreased gradually from top to bottom, and droplet deposition of different
layers showed significant differences. The results of droplets diameter showed that, the droplets diameters of middle and lower
layers on rice under the manual sprayer treatments were significantly higher than those of the electric sprayer treatments. The
results of droplets quantity indicated that, the electric sprayer treatments showed a downward trend from bottom to top, and the
droplet quantities of the electric sprayer treatments were also higher than those of the manual sprayer treatments.【Conclusion】
The effective utilization rates of three pesticides sprayed by electric sprayers were higher than 38% at the heading stage of late
rice in Guangdong Province, which were 9.95-10.41 percentage points higher than those of manual sprayer treatments. And the
atomization effect of electric sprayer was better than that of manual sprayer. |
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