| 陆华忠 1,2 ，李 君 2, 李 灿 2.果园机械化生产技术研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(11):226-235 |
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果园机械化生产技术研究进展 |
| Research Progress in Orchard Mechanization Production Technology |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.11.025 |
| 中文关键词: 果园 机械化 信息感知 智能控制 精准作业 |
| 英文关键词: orchard mechanization information sensing intelligent control precise operation |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业（荔枝龙眼）产业技术体系项目（CARS-32-14） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1317 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来，随着果园种植规模的不断扩大，传统果园生产技术普遍存在水果栽培方式与机械化作业不配套，农艺与农机结合不完善，呈现各自发展态势上升，标准化技术短缺、人工成本增高、劳动力不足等突出问题，严重制约我国水果产业的经济效益。目前，我国果园大部分环节仍采用人工作业的方式，制造技术落后、机械化程度较低已成为制约我国果园现代化发展的主要因素，传统的人工作业已无法满足现代果园的发展需求，果园机械化问题亟待解决，而生产作业机械化已发展成为支撑现代水果产业提质增效的重要保障，更是推动产业科技进步的重要根源。对国内外水果生产管理及各个作业环节的机械化现状进行分析总结，重点围绕果园土壤与植被管理、病虫害防治、冠层花果管理、水果采收及智能信息管控等技术进行综述，展望了水果生产机械化技术的研究方向，提出未来果园机械化生产技术将逐渐向智能化、标准化、精准化方向发展，为全面提高我国果园机械化生产水平提出发展思路和对策。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, with the continuous expansion of orchard planting scale, the traditional orchard production technology is not matched with mechanized operation as it has no compatible fruit cultivation methods. The combination of agronomy and agricultural machinery is quite imperfect, showing their respective upward development trend, shortage of standardization technology, increase of labor costs, labor shortage and other problems, seriously restricting the economic benefits of China's fruit industry. At present, the methods used in most links of orchard production in China are still manual operations, backward manufacturing technology and low degree of mechanization have become the main factors restricting the modernization of China's orchards, and the traditional manual operations have been unable to meet the development needs of modern orchards. Orchard mechanization problems need to be solved urgently, and the mechanization of production operations has developed into an important guarantee to support the modern fruit industry to improve quality and efficiency, but also a significant foundation to promote the development of industrial science and technology. This paper analyzes and summarizes the mechanization status of fruit production management and various operation links at home and abroad, focusing on soil and vegetation management, pest control, canopy flower and fruit management, fruit harvest and intelligent information management. For the future research direction of fruit production mechanization technology, future orchard
mechanization production technology will gradually develop in an intelligent, standardized and precise way, providing development ideas and countermeasures for the overall improvement of China's orchard mechanization production level. |
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