| 何焕清，肖自添，彭洋洋，刘 明，徐 江.草菇栽培技术发展历程与创新研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(12):53-61 |
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草菇栽培技术发展历程与创新研究进展 |
| Development History and Innovation Research Progress of Straw Mushroom Cultivation Technology |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.12.006 |
| 中文关键词: 草菇 原材料 菇房 栽培模式 菌种繁育 |
| 英文关键词: straw mushroom raw material plant room cultivation mode strain breeding |
| 基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2019B020214001）；广东省乡村振兴战略专项 （2019）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目（2019KJ103）；广东省农业科学院院长基金（201814） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 草菇栽培起源于我国南方，因营养丰富、嫩滑爽口而深受消费者喜爱，是少数在自然条件下适合夏季栽培的食用菌品种之一。中国是草菇最大生产国，广东则是我国草菇最重要的产区和鲜品消费省份，也是推动草菇栽培技术创新的地区，在国内最先实现室内周年栽培，并在全国各地推广应用。草菇栽培经历了旧法栽培到新法栽培，从室外栽培到室内栽培，从季节性栽培到周年栽培，从稻草栽培到废棉渣、中药渣等原材料栽培，从生料栽培到熟料栽培，从大田栽培到简易菇房、工厂化厂房栽培，从畦式栽培到袋料栽培、层架栽培、工厂化栽培等。随着栽培技术的进步，各地根据当地气候条件和原材料特点，摸索出各具特色的栽培方式。介绍了草菇特点和产量概况，从草菇栽培用种的繁育、栽培原材料及处理方式、菇房结构建造与加温方式、栽培方法等技术创新角度，分析了我国草菇栽培技术发展历程，对我国草菇产业半个多世纪的栽培技术发展、科技创新进行了全面回顾、总结，同时对草菇产业的发展前景进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The straw mushroom（Volvariella volvacea） cultivation originated in southern China, and it is loved byconsumers due to the rich nutrition and excellent taste. It is one of the few characteristic edible fungi suitable for hot summer cultivation under natural conditions. China is the largest producer of straw mushroom, and Guangdong is the most important province of straw mushroom production and fresh consumption in China as well as the birthplace to promote straw mushroom cultivation technology innovation. Also, Guangdong was the first province to realize indoor annual cultivation in China and promoted its application all over the country. The straw mushroom cultivation has experienced the transformations from old cultivation method to new cultivation method, from outdoor cultivation to indoor cultivation, from seasonal cultivation to annual cultivation, from straw cultivation to raw material cultivation such as waste cotton residue and Chinese medicine residue, from raw material cultivation to clinker cultivation, from field to simple mushroom house and factory building, from border cultivation to bag material cultivation, shelf cultivation and factory cultivation. With the development of the cultivation techniques, different regions have explored their own cultivation methods according to local climatic conditions and the characteristics of raw materials. This article introduces the characteristics and production situation of straw mushroom and its cultivation technology development in our country is analyzed from technology innovation of breeding, cultivation of raw materials and processing mode, the structure of the mushroom house building and heating mode, and cultivation methods. The technology development and innovation of straw mushroom industry in China for more than half a century are reviewed
and summarized, and the development prospect of straw mushroom industry is also discussed. |
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