饲料中添加桑叶粉对草鱼生长性能和肉质风味的影响

周东来; 廖森泰; 黄　勇; 李　鑫; 梁庆禄; 杨　琼; 邝哲师

文章摘要

周东来，廖森泰，黄　勇，李　鑫，梁庆禄，杨　琼，邝哲师.饲料中添加桑叶粉对草鱼生长性能和肉质风味的影响[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(4):119-130

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Effects of Dietary Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Flavor of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.04.017

中文关键词: 草鱼桑叶粉生长性能肌肉质构肌苷酸鲜味氨基酸不饱和脂肪酸肉质风味

英文关键词: grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) mulberry leaf powder growth performance muscle texture inosinic acid delicious amino acid unsaturated fatty acid meat quality and flavor

基金项目:佛山市财政专项资金 -2019 年度共建广东农业科技示范市项目；广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B020225005）；广东省农业科学院乡村振兴地方分院驻点工作项目（2020 驻点 46-02）

作者	单位
周东来，廖森泰，黄　勇，李　鑫，梁庆禄，杨　琼，邝哲师	1. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 / 农业农村部功能食品重点实验室 / 广东省农产品加工重点实验室，广东广州 510610； 2. 佛山市顺德区丰信生物技术科技有限公司，广东佛山 528318

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中文摘要:

【目的】研究饲料中添加不同比例桑叶粉对草鱼生长性能和肉质风味的影响，为桑叶粉在水产养殖中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加 0（对照）、5%、10%、15% 和 20% 的桑叶粉，配成 5 种等氮等脂 ( 含蛋白质 25.55%、脂肪 3.25%) 的试验饲料。选取 1 500 尾草鱼中鱼（初始体质量 1 112.06±83.19 g），随机分配到 5 个饲料组中，进行 8 周的饲养试验。【结果】与对照相比，饲料中添加 10% 桑叶粉显著提高草鱼的脏体指数，但添加不同比例的桑叶粉对草鱼的终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、成活率、肝体指数和肥满度等均无显著差异。饲料中添加 5% 桑叶粉能够显著提高草鱼背肌的硬度、黏性、咀嚼力和回复性，但对肌肉弹性、内聚力和剪切力无显著影响；而添加 10%、15% 和 20% 桑叶粉均能显著降低草鱼背肌的内聚力，但对肌肉硬度、弹性、黏性、咀嚼力和剪切力无显著影响。对试验草鱼背肌中营养物质和风味物质的组成和含量进行分析，结果显示，饲料中添加 10% 桑叶粉能显著提高草鱼肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪、鲜味氨基酸、呈味氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、肌苷酸、不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的含量，但会显著降低多不饱和脂肪酸的含量；添加其他比例的桑叶粉也能不同程度地改善上述部分营养物质的含量。【结论】饲料中添加不超过 20% 的桑叶粉对草鱼中鱼的生长性能没有显著影响，但显著提高草鱼肌肉中蛋白质、肌苷酸、风味氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量，改善其肉质风味。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The present study aims to evaluate the effects of different proportions of dietary mulberry leaf powder (MLP) on the growth performance, meat quality and flavor of grass carp in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of MLP in aquaculture. 【Method】Five isonitrogenous (including 25.55% of protein and 3.25% of isolipid) diets respectively supplemented with 0 (control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% MLP were prepared. A total of 1 500 grass carp (initial body weight = 1 112.06±83.19 g) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatment groups and fed for 8 weeks. 【Result】Compared with the control group, the grass carp supplemented with 10% MLP in the diets had significantly higher values of the viscera somatic indexes. However, the supplementation of all proportions of MLP showed no significant effect on the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, hepatopancreas somatic index and condition factor of grass carp. Supplementation of 5% MLP in the diets could significantly improve the hardness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience of the muscles, but had no significant effect on the springiness, cohesiveness and shear force of the muscles. Dietary supplementation of 10%, 15% and 20% MLP significantly reduced the cohesiveness of grass carp muscle, but showed no significant effect on the hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and shear force of the muscles. In addition, both the compositions and contents of nutrients and flavor compounds in the muscles of experimental grass carp were analyzed. The results showed that the supplementation of 10% MLP in the diets significantly increased the contents of proteins, fat, delicious amino acids, flavor amino acids, essential amino acids, semi-essential amino acids, total amino acids, inosinic acid, unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, while significantly reduced the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in grass carp muscles. The contents of the above nutrients and flavor compounds were also partially increased in other MLP groups.【Conclusion】The supplementation of no more than 20% MLP in the diet does not significantly affect the growth performance of grass carp, but can obviously increase the contents of proteins, inosine monophosphate, flavor amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids in the muscles as well as improve the meat quality and flavor of grass carp.

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