| 李. 宏，周少川，黄道强，王重荣，王志东，陈宜波，赵. 雷，龚. 蓉，潘阳阳.华南籼稻高效育种——从“早晚兼用型”到“常恢兼用型”水稻育种[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(7):1-7 |
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华南籼稻高效育种——从“早晚兼用型”到“常恢兼用型”水稻育种 |
| Efficient Rice Breeding in South China—From Early-late Season Double-cropping Rice Breeding to Variety-restorer Line Rice Breeding |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.07.001 |
| 中文关键词: 早晚兼用型水稻 常恢兼用型水稻 常规稻 杂交稻 育种策略 |
| 英文关键词: early-late season double-cropping rice variety-restorer line rice conventional rice hybrid rice breeding strategy |
| 基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系水稻产业创新团队项目（2021KJ105）；岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室科研项目（NT2021001）；广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目（202111TD） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以华南籼稻育种为主题，综述育种效率高的“早晚兼用型”水稻育种和“常恢兼用型”水稻育种。
早晚兼用型水稻育种在品种培育上成效显著，甚至影响了水稻的育种和生产模式；常恢兼用型水稻育种是对早
晚兼用型水稻育种的继承和发展，并取得了突出成效，育成了极具影响力的品种黄华占、黄莉占、黄广油占、
黄粤丝苗、五山油占（华占）、五山丝苗等，在南方稻区的水稻生产中发挥着重要作用。其中，黄华占通过广东、
湖南、湖北等 8 省审定，是我国年度推广面积最大的籼稻品种；华占共配组 142 个组合，252 次通过各级审定，
是配组组合最多的恢复系；五山丝苗通过广东、陕西等 4 省审定，共配组 47 个组合，88 次通过各级审定。以晶
两优 534、隆两优华占等两系杂交稻组合为例证，提出并倡导在南方稻区进行杂交稻育种的新策略：在华南培育
精品恢复系，在南方不同生态区创制适合所在生态区的不育系，并配组成优势互补的强势组合，形成合作共赢、
协同发展和高效互补的整体水稻育种格局。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The breeding of early-late season double-cropping rice and variety-restorer line rice with high efficiency
in South China were reviewed. Early-late season double-cropping rice breeding has achieved remarkable results, and has
even affected breeding and production mode of rice. The breeding of variety-restorer line rice succeeded and expanded that
of early-late season double-cropping rice. Outstanding achievement was made in variety-restorer line rice breeding, and
several varieties such as Huanghuazhan, Huanglizhan, Huangguangyouzhan, Huangyuesimiao, Wushanyouzhan(Huazhan),
Wushansimikao with great impact played an important role in rice production in South China. Among them, Huanghuazhan
has been registered in 8 provinces such as Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, and it was the indica variety with largest promotion
area in China per year. A total of 142 combinations from Huazhan has been registered at different levels for 252 times, and it was top 1 restorer line in combination amount. Wushansimiao has been registered in 4 provinces such as Guangdong and
Shaanxi. A total of 47 combinations from Wushansimniao has been registered at different levels for 88 times. Taking twoline hybrid combinations such as“Jingliangyou 534”and“Longliangyouhuazhan”as example, the study put forward and
advocated strategies for rice breeding: restorer lines would be cultivated in South China and the sterile lines would be developed
in different ecological regions, hybrid combinations with strong advantage could be bred to form an overall layout with win-win
cooperation, coordinated development, efficiency and complementation. |
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