| 何佳楠,何叔年,康桦华,等.复方植物精油对黄羽肉鸡的生产性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,(6-7):- |
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复方植物精油对黄羽肉鸡的生产性能和肠道菌群的影响 |
| The effect of compound plant essential oils on performance and intestinal flora of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-05 修订日期：2023-07-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 江村黄鸡 复方植物精油 饲料转化率 双岐杆菌 梭菌 肠道菌群多样性 高通量测序 |
| 英文关键词: Jiangcun yellow broiler plant essential oil feed conversion rate Bifidobacterium Clostridium intestinal microbiota of diversity high-throughput sequencing |
| 基金项目:科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)202110TD和R2020PY-JC001；广东省农业科学院驻镇帮扶村农村科技特派员项目(KTP20210010)；广东省企业科技特派员项目(GDKTP2020026600) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究肉豆蔻精油和罗勒复方精油对肉鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响。【方法】试验选用的1日龄雌性江村黄鸡肉鸡3942只，随机分为三个组，分别为精油低剂量组、精油高剂量组以及不使用添加剂的空白对照组。每个组中有6个重复，每个重复219只鸡，试验期为60天。在肉鸡60日龄出栏时称重，记录存活个体数、死淘数以及饲料消耗等生产数据，计算肉鸡的出栏率、增重和饲料转化率；每个小组中各随机抽取5只鸡，断颈处死，分别取空肠和盲肠内容物，提取核酸，进行16srRNA基因高通量测序，分析肉鸡的空肠和盲肠肠道菌群。【结果】添加肉豆蔻精油和罗勒复方精油，可极显著提高饲料转化率（p < 0.01），精油高剂量组和低剂量组的饲料转化率均比空白对照组提高11.4%。空肠菌群分析结果表明，各组样品空肠菌群的sobs指数、shannon指数和 simpson指数均无显著差异（p >0.05），说明各组空肠菌群的多样性、丰富度、均匀度表现一致；各组门水平上相对丰度最高的均为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）（＞98%），其次是放线菌门，属水平上优势菌为乳酸菌属（Lactobacillus）； 精油高剂量组与低剂量组空肠菌群的厚壁菌门／拟杆菌门相对丰度比值（F/B）均与对照组的F/B 比值没有显著差异（p > 0.05），而两精油组的疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobiota）相对丰度均显著低于对照组（p < 0.05）；属水平上分析，精油低剂量组空肠Aeriscardovia属、双歧杆菌属、韦荣氏球菌属的相对丰度显著高于对照组（p < 0.05），精油高剂量组片球菌属相对丰度显著高于低剂量组和对照组（p < 0.05）。盲肠菌群分析结果表明，各组sobs指数、shannon指数和 simpson指数均没有显著性差异（p> 0.05），各组占优势细菌均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门；精油低剂量组（F/B）比值显著高于高剂量组（p < 0.05）；两精油组的 Clostridia_vadinBB60_group相对丰度显著低于对照组（p < 0.05），精油高剂量组 Clostridia_UCG-014的相对丰度显著低于低剂量组和对照组（p < 0.05）。【结论】在日粮中添加肉豆蔻和罗勒复方精油，能显著提高江村黄肉鸡的饲料转化率；同时空肠和盲肠的优势菌不变，维持了肉鸡原有肠道菌群平衡状态；且复方精油可显著提高空肠双歧杆菌属，盲肠拟杆菌属和瘤胃球菌属等有益菌属的相对丰度，能显著降低盲肠有害梭菌属的相对丰度；还显著提高了盲肠乳酸菌属的相对丰度，显著降低了空肠疣微菌门、盲肠另枝菌属的相对丰度。饲料添加肉豆蔻和罗勒复方精油可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡生产性能，这与其改善肠道菌群、提升肠道健康水平密切相关。本实验为肉豆蔻和罗勒复方精油作为饲料添加剂在黄羽肉鸡生产上应用提供了有力依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To explore the effect of plant compound essential oil of Basill and nutmeg on the performance and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers.【Method】3942 1-day-old Jiangcun yellow broilers were divided into three groups randomly : the low dose group of compound essential oil, the high dose group of compound essential oil , the blank control group without any additives. There are 6 replicates in each group, 219 chickens in each replicates, and the trial period is 60 days. At the age of 60 days, the broilers were weighed, the number of chickens available for slaughter and the number of dead and obsolete chickens and feed consumption of each replicates were recorded, and the percentage of chickens available for slaughter , weight gain and feed conversion rate were calculated. From each group, 5 chickens were chosed randomly, killed by vervical dislocation, the luminal contents of jejunum and cecum were collected, nucleic acid was extracted, and 16srRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the intestinal microflora.【Results】The compound essential oil can significantly raise the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01), and both the feed conversion ratios of the high dose group and that of the low dose group were raised 11.4% than that of the blank control group. The result of the analysis of the jejunum microflora showed, there is no significant difference among the groups in the sobs index, shannon index,simpson index（p >0.05）, , indicating that the diversity, richness and evenness of jejunum flora were consistent in all groups. In phylum level, Firmicutes has the highest abundance（＞98%）, followed by Actinobacteriota. Lactobacillus has the highest abundance in genus level. For the jejunum microflora, there is no significant difference among the F/B (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) ratios of the two essential oil groups and the blank control group, both the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota of two essential oil groups are lower significanly than that of the control group. In genus level, the relative abundances of Aeriscardovia,Bifidobacterium,Veillonella in the low dose group are significantly higher than that of the control group respectively, and the relative abundance of Pediococcus in the high dose group is significantly higher than those of the two other groups. As to the cecum microflora, there is also no significant difference among the groups in the sobs index, shannon index and simpson index, and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phylums in each group. The ratio of F/B in low dose group was significantly higher than that in high dose group (p < 0.05); The relative abundances of Clostridia_vadinBB60_group in the two essential oil groups were both significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Clostridia_UCG-014 in the high dose group was significantly lower than those in the low dose group and the control group (p < 0.05).【Conclusion】Adding nutmeg and basil compound essential oils to the feed can significantly improve the feed conversion rate of yellow-feathered broilers.,and maintained the dominant flora in the jejunum and cecum, maintained the balance of gut microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers. And the compound essential oil can significantly increase the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium jejuni, Bacteroides cecum, and Ruminococcus, and can significantly reduce the relative abundance of harmful Clostridium in cecum; It also significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the cecum, while significantly decreased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota in the jejunum and the genus Alistipes in the cecum. The performance of yellow-feathered broilers can be promoted by the nutmeg and basil compound essential oil, which is connected with its function of modifying the gut microflora and thus raising the intestinal health level. This experiment provides a strong basis for the application of nutmeg and basil compound essential oils as a feed additive in the raising of yellow-feathered broilers. |
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