| 李 林,丁 超,杨 永,等.广东短生育期冬种油菜优选试验[J].广东农业科学,2024,(12):- |
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广东短生育期冬种油菜优选试验 |
| Selection trial of winter rapeseed variety with short growth period in Guangdong province |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-28 修订日期：2024-12-08 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 油菜 短生育期 冬种 农艺性状评价 菜薹品质 产量 优选 |
| 英文关键词: rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) short growth period winter planting evaluation of agronomic traits flowering stem quality yeild optimal selection |
| 基金项目:广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金农业科技发展及资源环境保护管理项目(2024KJ31和D22420132)、广州市院士专家工作站建设项目、国家自然科学(32001588和32201887)、仲恺农业工程学院研究生科技创新(KJCX2024020和KJCX2024037)和科技小院专项项目(KA24YY07048) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】针对广东“稻-稻-油”三熟制地区的气候特点和农业生产需求，优选适合广东三熟制地区冬种短生育期多功能的油菜品种，以优化种植结构，提高土地利用率，并满足市场对高品质菜薹和油菜籽的需求。【方法】以11个油菜品种为材料，包括‘云油杂28号’‘云油双2号’‘青杂7号’‘青杂5号’‘阳光131’‘全油杂9号’‘云油杂15号’‘棚40’‘华油杂62’‘华油杂158’和‘23P63- 7母’。在广东省的5个不同地区进行为期3年的种植筛选试验。试验期间，记录在冬种条件下不同油菜品种的全生育期、农艺性状、产量、菜薹品质等指标，并对数据进行统计分析。【结果】通过3年试验，不同供试油菜品种在生育期、农艺性状、产量及菜薹品质存在显著性差异。其中，‘云油双2号’和‘棚40’在生育期、农艺性状、产量和菜薹品质方面表现出显著优势。‘云油双2号’和‘棚40’的全生育期最短，分别为120和119 d，且开花时间长，在品种中排名并列第二，均为34 d；在产量方面，‘云油双2号’的油菜籽产量最高，达到1827.80 kg/hm2；‘棚40’的千粒重最高，为3.16 g；在菜薹品质方面，‘云油双2号’的还原糖含量最高，为63.71 mg/g；‘棚40’的粗蛋白含量为296.12 g/kg，且粗纤维含量最低，仅为6.43%。【结论】根据试验结果，‘云油双2号’和‘棚40’油菜品种在广东三熟制地区冬种条件下表现出优异的综合性能，具备全生育期短，开花时间长，产量高，菜薹品质优良的特点，可作为理想的冬种短生育期多功能油菜品种，可在广东三熟制地区加大这两个品种的推广种植力度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】 The selection of multi-functional rapeseed varieties with short growth period suitable for winter planting in triple cropping areas based on the climate characteristics and agricultural production needs in Guangdong province was performed to optimize the planting structure, improve the land use efficiency and meet the market demand for high-quality rapeseed. 【Method】 The entire growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and flowering stem quality of 11 different rapeseed varieties, including ‘Yunyou Za 28’ ‘Yunyou Shuang 2’ ‘Qingza 7’ ‘Qingza 5’ ‘Sunshine 131’ ‘Quanyou Za 9’ ‘Yunyou Za 15’ ‘Peng 40’ ‘Huayou Za 62’ ‘Huayou Za 158’ and ‘23P63- 7 female’ were determined through a planting selection trial under winter planting conditions in 5 regions of Guangdong province over a period of 3 years. The obtained data were analyzed statistically. 【Result】 The entire growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and flowering stem quality were significantly different among the tested rapeseed varieties. The varieties ‘Yunyou Shuang 2’ and ‘Peng 40’ showed significant advantages in terms of growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and flowering stem quality, with the shortest entire growth period of 120 and 119 days respectively, particularly with a long flowering time of 34 days, ranking the second in all tested varieties. The rape seed yield of ‘Yunyou Shuang 2’ is the highest with the product of 1827.80 kg/hm2; The thousand grain weight of ‘Peng 40’ rape seed is 3.16 g and peaks in all tested varieties. In terms of the flowering stem quality, ‘Yunyou Shuang 2’ has the highest content of reducing sugars of 63.71 mg/g. The crude protein content of ‘Peng 40’ ranks the third among the varieties at 296.12 g/kg, simultaneously with the lowest crude fiber content of 6.43%. 【Conclusion】 The two rapeseed varieties, ‘Yunyou Shuang 2’ and ‘Peng 40’ present the optimal field performance under winter planting conditions in the triple cropping areas of Guangdong, with the advantages of short growth period, long flowering time, high yield and flowering stem quality. They can be used as ideal winter multifunctional rapeseed varieties with short growth period, and are suitable for increased promotion and planting in triple cropping areas of Guangdong. |
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