| 徐伟杰,胡英雪,宫超,等.人工气候室条件下，番茄苗期对弱光的形态学和生理学研究[J].广东农业科学,2024,(12):- |
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人工气候室条件下，番茄苗期对弱光的形态学和生理学研究 |
| Morphological and physiological study of tomato seedlings under weak light conditions in an artificial climate chamber |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-30 修订日期：2024-12-05 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 弱光 活性氧 光合效率 转录调控 |
| 英文关键词: Tomatoes Weak light Reactive oxygen species Photosynthetic efficiency Transcriptional regulation |
| 基金项目:省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目（2024-NPY-00-021、2022-NPY-00-025）、广东省对外科技合作项目（2020A0505020006）、广东省农业科学院项目（R2020PY-JX003） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 34 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】番茄作为重要的蔬菜作物及模式植物之一，在现代农业与科研中具有重要的地位。华南地区冬春季节阴雨寡照时间长，导致番茄植株徒长，因此探究弱光对番茄植株生长和生理指标的影响，筛选耐弱光材料，为培育耐弱光番茄品种提供基础。【方法】为明确弱光对番茄生长发育的影响及其耐弱光机制，本研究在人工气候室条件下，以500 μmol·m-2·s-1光强为对照，100 μmol·m-2·s-1光强为弱光处理，对幼苗期耐弱光番茄自交系‘GC303’和弱光敏感自交系‘LA2838’，从植株生长指标、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性等方面开展研究。【结果】正常光照条件下，幼苗期‘LA2838’的干鲜质量等生物量显著高于耐弱光番茄自交系‘GC303’。在弱光胁迫处理下，幼苗期‘LA2838’的干鲜重等生物量相比‘GC303’增长显著减缓，叶面积增加，植株徒长；在光合作用水平和光合色素含量方面，正常光照下，幼苗期‘LA2838’的叶绿素含量显著高于‘GC303’，光合指标无显著差异。弱光处理下，幼苗期‘GC303’的非光化学猝灭值是‘LA2838’植株的1.75倍，光合抑制损害的猝灭值值显著降低，光氧化损伤程度较轻，植株光保护增强，‘GC303’具有更高的光合效率；在酶活方面，幼苗期‘GC303’在正常光照条件下SOD和POD活性高于‘LA2838’，具有较高的光能利用率。弱光胁迫下，幼苗期‘GC303’叶片中的SOD、CAT和POD活性相比于‘LA2838’显著减少，MDA则无显著差异，有更强过氧化物清除能力；在转录组方面，幼苗期‘GC303’与‘LA2838’相比，有1913个基因差异表达，其中上调基因有987个，下调基因有926个，差异表达基因在响应非生物胁迫、叶绿体运动、金属离子运输、基于微管的运动等植物胁迫响应和光合通路中显著富集。【结论】弱光胁迫对幼苗期弱光敏感自交系和耐弱光番茄自交系的生长指标和光合参数影响较大，是鉴定植株弱光能力的重要指标，对于叶绿素和MDA含量指标影响较小。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】As an important vegetable crop and model plant, tomato plays an important role in modern agriculture and scientific research. In the winter and spring seasons of southern China, there is a long period of cloudy and rainy weather, which leads to excessive growth of tomato plants. Therefore, exploring the effects of low light on tomato plant growth and physiological indicators, screening weak light tolerant materials, and providing a basis for cultivating low light tolerant tomato varieties. 【Method】To clarify the effects of low light on the growth and development of tomatoes and their mechanisms of low light tolerance, this study conducted research on plant growth indicators, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activity in the low light tolerant tomato inbred line 'GC303' and the low light sensitive inbred line 'LA2838' under artificial climate conditions, with 500 μ mol·m-2·s-1 light intensity as the control and 100 μ mol· m-2·s-1 light intensity as the low light treatment. 【Result】 Under weak light stress, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD in the leaves of 'GC303' seedlings were significantly reduced compared to 'LA2838', while MDA showed no significant difference, indicating a stronger ability to clear peroxides; In terms of transcriptome, there were 1913 differentially expressed genes between 'GC303' and 'LA2838' during the seedling stage, including 987 up-regulated genes and 926 down regulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in response to plant stress responses such as abiotic stress, chloroplast movement, metal ion transport, microtubule based movement, and photosynthetic pathways. 【Conclusion】 Under weak light stress, compared with low light tolerant tomato inbred lines, low light sensitive inbred lines have a greater impact on growth and photosynthetic parameters, but a smaller impact on chlorophyll and MDA content indicators. |
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