| 周鹏,汪捷,张新平,等.前茬氮肥施用对下季作物产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2025,(4-6):- |
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前茬氮肥施用对下季作物产量及氮素利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of previous nitrogen fertilizer application on crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the next season |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-03 修订日期：2025-01-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 干物质 叶片功能 周年产量 氮素利用率 |
| 英文关键词: Dry matter Leaf function Annual yield Nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金委员会(32301945);中国博士后科学基金(2024M751916) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 10 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘要：【目的】探讨不同氮肥施用季节对于小麦-玉米轮作体系中作物周年产量形成的影响，为优化小麦玉米轮作系统的周年施肥策略提供理论依据。【方法】本试验设置4个处理：长期不施肥（T1）、小麦季施肥区（T2）、玉米季施肥区（T3）和全季施肥区（T4），每季施肥量为N 150 kg/hm2，P2O5 150 kg/hm2，K2O 37.5 kg/hm2，每个处理面积为64 m2，通过测定不同施肥处理对于下茬作物及周年产量的影响，分析单季施肥的效果。【结果】T2处理获得较高的冬小麦产量，相较于T3，其周年产量提升了11%。在玉米季，T2和T3处理的干物质积累量无显著差异，但在小麦季，T2处理的干物质积累量较T3高15%。在玉米季VT时期和R3时期，T2处理的叶面积指数较T3处理分别低3%，功能叶片SPAD值分别低6%和5%。同时，T3处理在V12时期的净光合速率和气孔导度显著高于T2，而在R3期两者差异仅为4.4%。尽管T2和T3对后续作物氮素积累量影响不显著，但T2处理的氮肥偏生产力、农学利用率和生理效益分别比T3提高了15%、49%和50%，其周年氮素回收率更高。【结论】在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中，小麦季施肥能够最大程度发挥氮肥的残留效应，为下茬作物提供更优的土壤氮素条件，减少下茬作物的氮肥投入，同时显著提高周年氮素利用率。这为优化小麦玉米轮作体系的周年氮素施肥策略提供了理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract :【Objective】The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application seasons on the annual yield formation of crops in the wheat-maize rotation system were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the annual fertilization strategy of the wheat-maize rotation system.【Method】Four treatments were set up in this experiment : long-term no fertilization ( T1 ), wheat season fertilization area ( T2 ), maize season fertilization area ( T3 ) and whole season fertilization area ( T4 ). The amount of fertilizer applied in each season was N 150 kg/hm2，P2O5 150 kg/hm2，K2O 37.5 kg/hm2, and each treatment area was 64 m2. The effect of single season fertilization was analyzed by measuring the effect of different fertilization treatments on the next crop and annual yield.【Result】T2 treatment obtained higher winter wheat yield, and its annual yield increased by 11 % compared with T3. In the maize season, there was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation between T2 and T3 treatments, but in the wheat season, the dry matter accumulation of T2 treatment was 15 % higher than that of T3. At VT and R3 stages of maize season, the leaf area index of T2 treatment was 3 % lower than that of T3 treatment, and the SPAD value of functional leaves was 6 % and 5 % lower than that of T3 treatment, respectively. At the same time, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of T2 at V12 stage, while the difference between the two was only 4.4 % at R3 stage. Although T2 and T3 had no significant effect on the nitrogen accumulation of subsequent crops, the nitrogen partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and physiological benefit of T2 treatment were 15 %, 49 % and 50 % higher than those of T3, respectively, and the annual nitrogen recovery rate was higher.【Conclusion】In the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, wheat season fertilization can maximize the residual effect of nitrogen fertilizer, provide better soil nitrogen conditions for the next crop, reduce the nitrogen fertilizer input of the next crop, and significantly improve the annual nitrogen utilization rate. This provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the annual nitrogen fertilization strategy of wheat-maize rotation system. |
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