| 李懿璞,许政哈,蔺雅楠,等.玉米耐盐生理与分子机制研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2025,(2-4):- |
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玉米耐盐生理与分子机制研究进展 |
| Research Advances on Salt Tolerance of Maize |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-10 修订日期：2024-12-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 耐盐性 渗透胁迫 离子稳态 耐盐品种选育 活性氧 |
| 英文关键词: Maize Salt tolerance Osmotic stress Ionic homeostasis Breeding of salt-tolerant hybrids Reactive oxygen species |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32260511)；内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-11-02) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤盐渍化是导致我国玉米产量和品质下降的主要非生物胁迫之一。因此，解析玉米耐盐分子机制、培育耐盐玉米品种是增加玉米产量、保障粮食安全的重要途径。本文综述了玉米耐盐性的最新研究进展，盐胁迫对玉米营养生长时期和生殖生长时期的影响主要表现在：营养生长时期抑制植株根系和幼苗生长；生殖生长时期主要影响光合作用和物质运输，导致地上部生物量下降，子粒产量和品质下降。玉米耐盐生理机制主要依赖于渗透调节和离子稳态，其中离子稳态主要体现在Na+、K+的选择性吸收和分配、细胞膜离子转运系统、液泡离子隔离、钾钠比的调节、离子稳态的信号调控。目前，研究发现的玉米耐盐基因主要是通过Na+/K+平衡和活性氧的积累调控玉米的耐盐性。最后，分析了耐盐玉米品种筛选和专用新品种选育的现状，以期为玉米耐盐种质创新和玉米耐盐品种选育提供重要参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that significantly reduces maize yield and quality in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maize’s salt tolerance and developing salt-tolerant maize hybrids are crucial for boosting maize production and ensuring food security. This article reviews recent research advances on maize salt tolerance research. The effects of salt stress on maize vegetative growth stage primarily manifest as early inhibition of root and seedling growth. During reproductive growth stages, salt stress mainly impacts photosynthesis and material transport, leading to reduce above-ground biomass, decreased grain yield, and compromised quality. The physiological mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in maize mainly rely on osmotic regulation and ion homeostasis. Ion homeostasis is primarily reflected in the selective absorption and distribution of Na+ and K+, ion transport systems in cell membranes, vacuolar ion sequestration, regulation of the K+/Na+ ratio, and signaling pathways controlling ion balance. Salt-tolerance genes in maize primarily enhance salt tolerance by regulating Na+/K+ balance and mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Finally, the current status of screening and breeding salt-tolerant maize hybrids is analyzed. aiming to provide valuable insights for the development of salt-tolerant maize germplasm and the breeding of resilient hybrids. |
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