| 王招云,熊金利,王秀.植物抗病毒沉默研究进展：以AGO蛋白为中心视角[J].广东农业科学,2025,(1-2):- |
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植物抗病毒沉默研究进展：以AGO蛋白为中心视角 |
| Research Progress in Plant Antiviral Silencing: Argonaute-Centered Perspective |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-13 修订日期：2024-12-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 植物病毒 RNA沉默 AGO蛋白 小分子RNA 沉默抑制子 抗病毒防御 |
| 英文关键词: Plant viruses RNA silencing Argonaute (AGO) small RNA Suppressors Antiviral defense |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(32302382)；安徽省教育厅科研重点项目(2023AH050983)；安徽省自然科学基金(24234028) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 21 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在长期的进化过程中，为适应不利环境躲避有害生物的攻击，植物进化出多层防御系统来感知和应对病毒等有害生物的入侵。同样，为了在寄主植物中建立侵染，病毒进化出相应的反防御策略。RNA沉默在植物抗病毒防御中发挥重要作用，ARGONAUTEs(AGO)蛋白作为RNA诱导沉默复合体的核心组分，在植物抗病毒免疫中至关重要。本篇综述阐明了AGO蛋白通过小分子RNA或DNA甲基化介导的基因沉默，参与植物和病毒的“军备竞赛”。AGOs蛋白通过与病毒衍生的小RNA结合，靶向病毒的DNA或RNA，在转录或转录后水平降解病毒；或与植物内源性小分子RNA结合，调控宿主基因的表达。病毒为了成功致病，进化出沉默抑制子(VSR)；VSR通过结合病毒小干扰RNA、双链RNA或直接与AGO蛋白相互作用，抑制寄主的RNA沉默防御系统，以实现自身侵染。在自然界中，植物与病毒的协同进化引起RNA沉默组分AGO蛋白的自然变异，使其进化出多种功能响应不同病毒的攻击。AGO蛋白可在寄主抗病毒防御中作为正调控因子，是植物广谱抗病毒所必需的；同时，自然选择压力赋予了AGO蛋白的多态性，使其具有多样化的抗病毒活性，AGO蛋白还可作为寄主抗病毒防御的负调控因子，促进斐济病毒属双链RNA病毒的侵染。AGO蛋白既有抗病毒活性，对多种病毒具有广谱抗性；又可被病毒劫持利用，是抑制水稻产生抗性的特异性的攻击策略。发掘抗病毒RNA沉默所必须的宿主沉默因子，必将为RNA沉默通路及抗病毒功能提供新思路。本文系统阐述AGO蛋白在抗病毒防御中的功能及其作用机理，讨论AGO蛋白应对不同病毒攻击时的多样性策略，为作物的广谱抗病毒育种提供理论支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the long-term evolution process, plants have evolved multi-layered defense mechanisms to sense and respond to the invasion of harmful organisms such as viruses, to adapt to the adverse environment and avoid attacks from harmful organisms. Similarly, in order to infect host plants, viruses have evolved counter-defense strategies. RNA silencing plays an important role in plant antiviral defense mechanisms, and ARGONAUTEs (AGO), as the core component of RNA-induced silencing complex, are crucial in plant antiviral defense. This review describes that AGO participate in the molecular arms race between plants and viruses through gene silencing mediated by small RNA or DNA methylation. AGO target complementary viral RNA or DNA by binding to virus-derived small RNA, and degradation of viruses at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels; or with endogenous small RNA to regulate host gene expression. To successfully cause virus disease, plant viruses have evolved viral suppressors (VSR) to suppress the host antiviral defense and favor virus infection. By binding viral siRNA, double-stranded RNA or directly interacting with AGO protein, VSR inhibit the host's RNA silencing and defense system, successfully achieving virus infection. In nature, the co-evolution of plants and viruses causes natural variation in the RNA silencing component of AGO protein, allowing it to evolve diversified functions in response to different virus attacks. AGO protein acts as a positive regulator in host antiviral defense and is required for resistance against a broad spectrum of plant viruses. Meanwhile, the natural selection pressure endowed the polymorphism of AGOs, so that it has diversified antiviral activities. AGO protein can also act as a negative regulator of host antiviral defense, promoting the infection of the double-stranded RNA virus of Fijivirus. AGO protein has antiviral activity and broad-spectrum resistance to various viruses. It can also be hijacked by viruses and used as a specific virus attack strategy to inhibit rice resistance. The discovery of host silencing factors necessary for antiviral RNA silencing will provide new ideas for RNA silencing pathways and antiviral functions. This review systematically elaborates on recent progress of the function and mechanism of AGO protein in antiviral defense, discusses the diversity strategies of AGO protein in response to different virus attacks. It provides theoretical support for broad-spectrum antiviral breeding of crops. |
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