幼穗分化期氮肥用量降低水稻遮光减产效应研究

伍龙梅1,李惠芬1,黄 庆1,2,邹积祥1,张 彬1,包晓哲1,李 锐1

(1.广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室,广东 广州 510640;2.广东省海纳农业研究院,广东 惠州 516005)

摘 要:【目的】 探讨水稻幼穗分化期氮肥用量对遮光导致的水稻减产效应的作用,为水稻遭遇寡照稳产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】 以超级稻品种桂农占为试验材料,幼穗分化期氮肥用量0 k g/hm2(N0)、22.5 kg/hm2(N1)、37.5 kg/hm2(N2)和52.5 kg/hm2(N3)为主区,幼穗分化二期至成熟期不遮光(S0)、幼穗分化二期至齐穗期遮光(S1)、齐穗期至成熟期遮光(S2)、幼穗分化二期至成熟期遮光(S3)为副区,进行大田裂区试验,研究幼穗分化期氮肥不同用量与幼穗分化后不同遮光时间对水稻生育进程、茎蘖特征、产量及其构成的影响。【结果】 不同氮肥水平下,水稻产量均表现为处理S0>S1>S2>S3。相较于S0,处理S1、S2和S3分别减产32.0%、52.7%、67.8%,且差异显著;增施氮肥降低了遮光导致的减产幅度,在S1、S2、S3处理下,处理N2和N3水稻产量较N1分别提高3.9%和4.3%、4.4%和6.8%、0.9%和3.1%;同时分析发现增施氮肥延长了遮光处理下水稻的籽粒灌浆期,减少了成穗率、有效穗数、实粒数和千粒重的降低幅度。【结论】 增施穗肥氮素用量可延长幼穗分化期后遭遇寡照水稻的籽粒灌浆期,降低遮光对水稻产量及构成因素的影响,在一定程度上降低遮光导致的水稻减产效应。其中增施氮肥对S2处理的稳产效果最好,其次为S1。

关键词:水稻;幼穗分化期;遮光;氮肥;产量及构成

【研究意义】 水稻是我国种植面积最大的农作物之一,全国60%以上的人口以其为主食,其丰产与稳产直接关系到我国的粮食安全与社会稳定[1]。水稻是喜光作物,生育期内遭遇寡照其产量减产显著[2-3],其他作物如小麦遭遇寡照也会导致减产[4]。氮肥的施用是水稻优质与丰产的关键调控途径,直接影响水稻的产量和品质[5]。因此,明确水稻关键生育期氮肥施用对寡照减产效应的研究,对水稻的丰产与稳产有重要意义。【前人研究进展】 研究表明,幼穗分化后至成熟期光照强度下降50%,水稻减产达10%~35%[6]。孙园园等研究发现抽穗期前水稻遭遇寡照,穗粒数显著下降,从而导致产量降低[7]。蔡昆争等研究发现,幼穗分化至始穗期遮光对水稻植株形态影响不大,但对产量构成因素具有较大影响,由于该时期遮光导致穗部颖花的发育和谷粒的充实严重受损,从而导致水稻穗粒数和千粒重显著下降,比较各关键生育期发现始穗至成熟期遮光对产量的影响最大[8]。同时,大量研究表明,氮肥是影响水稻产量重要因子[9-11]。关键时期氮肥的用量及其运筹对水稻的产量及构成具有显著影响[12-14]。特别是穗肥氮素的施用,不但影响水稻的产量和品质,还影响水稻的抗逆性(耐高温和抗倒伏)[15-17];在一定范围内,随氮肥后移比重的增加,水稻功能叶光合能力及光合时间延长,有效穗数、结实率和千粒重提高,促进籽粒灌浆,增加水稻产量[18]。但氮肥过量施用也带来较为严重的后果,不仅降低水稻的氮肥利用效率和成穗率,造成倒伏,且极易遭受病虫害的威胁[3,7,16-18]。【本研究切入点】 生产中光照不足时有发生,我国南方稻区水稻生产季光照强度常下降达50%,有必要通过栽培措施来降低光照不足导致的水稻减产,提高水稻的稳产性。之前的大量研究明确了水稻关键生育期遮光会影响水稻的产量及其构成,且也有研究表明施用氮肥可以增加遮光下水稻的产量,但有关穗肥氮素用量对降低水稻遮光的减产效应的研究仍相对较少。【拟解决的关键问题】 本研究通过水稻幼穗分化二期施用4个氮肥用量水平,幼穗分化二期至成熟期进行4个不同遮光处理,研究穗肥氮素用量及遮光处理下水稻的生育进程、茎蘖特征、产量及其构成等,探讨穗肥氮素用量降低不同遮光时间造成的水稻减产效应,为寡照下水稻丰产稳产及其关键栽培技术构建提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

大田试验于2010年晚季和2011年早季在广东省农业科学院大丰试验基地(23°09'N,113°22'E,年平均气温21.8 ℃,无霜期345 d,年降雨量1 694 mm)进行。供试材料为超级稻品种桂农占,试验田土壤为壤土,pH值7.14,有机质含量27.8 g/kg,总氮含量1.4 g/kg,有效磷和速效钾含量分别为58.3 mg/kg和129 mg/kg。

1.2 试验方法

晚稻7月26日播种、8月15日移栽,早稻3月4日播种、4月8日移栽,人工手插,株行距23.1 cm×16.5 cm,每穴2苗,小区四周设保护行。各处理幼穗分化二期前各处理氮肥用量相同,总量为90 kg/hm2,按基肥∶回青肥∶分蘖肥=3.75∶2.50∶3.75施用;水稻全生育期磷、钾肥施用也相同,钾肥(KCl)用量300 kg/hm2,按基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=3∶3∶4,磷肥(过磷酸钙)用量400 kg/hm2,作基肥一次性施用。其他管理措施同当地丰产栽培管理。

本试验为裂区设计,主区为幼穗分化二期不同氮肥施用量处理(N),副区为幼穗分化二期至成熟期不同遮光处理(S),主区面积50 m(2 10 m×5 m),副区面积12.5 m2(5 m×2.5 m),随机区组排列,3次重复。穗肥(幼穗分化二期施用,晚稻插后35 d,早稻插后44 d)设置4个氮肥用量处理:0 kg/hm2(N0)、22.5 kg/hm2(N1)、37.5 kg/hm2(N2)和52.5 kg/hm2(N3)。遮光设置4个遮光时间处理:不遮光(S0)、幼穗分化二期-齐穗期遮光(S1)、齐穗期-成熟期遮光 (S2)和幼穗分化二期-成熟期遮光(S3)。在水稻幼穗分化二期前1 d,于小区四周植入8根直径4 cm、长2.5 m的木棍,深度为30~50 cm,用于固定遮阳网(广东建峰防尘网厂生产,2针黑色遮阳网,透光率50%~55%),遮光处理时于水稻冠层上方50 cm处覆盖。

1.3 调查项目及方法

1.3.1 生育时期 按照《水稻群体质量理论与实践》[19]记载水稻幼穗分化二期、始穗期、齐穗期和成熟期的准确时间。

1.3.2 成穗特征 水稻插植返青后定点3行,每行10穴,合计30穴,在水稻分蘖盛期调查每穴分蘖数,晚稻于11月5日、早稻于6月29日分别调查定点处每穴有效穗数(齐穗后约20 d),计算成穗率:

13.3 产量及其构成因素 水稻成熟时,去除小区边行,随机选取具代表性稻株6穴,于穗颈节剪下,自然风干后调查每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重。同时,剔除小区边行和生长不正常的稻株,选取5行按顺序实割100穴,脱粒,去杂,风干,测产。

试验数据采用Exel 2013整理、作图,采用Statistic version 8.0软件进行统计分析,并采用LSD法检测不同处理间差异显著性。

2 结果与分析

2.1 遮光处理穗肥氮素不同用量对水稻生育进程的影响

从表1可以看出,遮光处理影响了水稻的生育进程,且处理间存在差异。在同一氮肥水平下,与处理S0相比,处理S1和S3水稻始穗期、齐穗期和成熟期分别推迟2.8、2.8、3.4 d和2.8、2.8、7.0d,灌浆期分别延长3.9和4.3 d。随氮肥用量的增加,处理S0和S2的水稻灌浆期和全生育期延长,晚稻N1、N2和N3处理的灌浆期和全生育期分别比 N0延长0.5、1.5、1.5 d和 0、2.0、3.0 d;在 S1和S3处理下,氮肥用量增加使水稻的始穗期推迟、灌浆期和全生育期延长,其中早、晚稻处理N1、N2和N3的始穗期较处理N0分别推迟0、1.0、2.0 d和0、1.0、2.0 d,灌浆期分别延长0.5、1.5、2.0 d和1.5、2.5、2.5 d,全生育期分别延长0.5、2.5、4.0 d 和 1.5、3.5、4.5 d。

表1 遮光处理穗肥氮素不同用量对水稻生育进程的影响
Table 1 Effects of different amounts of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on development process of rice under shading treatment

注: BHS为始穗期,FDS为齐穗期,HS为抽穗期,GFS为灌浆期,FDS为全生育期。
Note:BHS: Booting heading stage,FHS: Full heading stage; HS: Heading stage; GFS: Grain filling stage,FDS: Full growth stage.

处理Treatment早稻 Early rice始穗期BHS晚稻 Later rice齐穗期FDS抽穗期HS灌浆期GFS全生育期FGS始穗期BHS齐穗期FDS抽穗期HS灌浆期GFS全生育期FGS S0 N0 75 82 7 28 110 95 98 3 29 127 N1 75 82 7 28 110 95 98 3 30 128 N2 75 82 7 29 111 95 98 3 31 129 N3 75 82 7 29 111 95 98 3 31 129 S1 N0 77 84 7 28 112 97 100 3 30 130 N1 77 84 7 28 112 97 100 3 31 131 N2 78 85 7 29 114 98 101 3 32 133 N3 79 86 7 30 116 99 102 3 32 134 S2 N0 75 82 7 31 113 95 98 3 33 131 N1 75 82 7 31 113 95 98 3 35 133 N2 75 82 7 32 114 95 98 3 37 135 N3 75 82 7 33 115 95 98 3 38 136 S3 N0 77 84 7 31 115 97 100 3 33 133 N1 77 84 7 32 116 97 100 3 35 135 N2 78 85 7 33 118 98 101 3 36 137 N3 79 86 7 32 118 99 102 3 37 139

2.2 遮光处理穗肥氮素不同用量对水稻成穗特征的影响

图1表明,与处理S0相比,S1和S3显著降低了水稻的有效穗数和成穗率。其中,处理S1和S3晚稻有效穗数分别降低5.45、9.45条/m2、早稻分别降低11.57、15.40条/m2,晚稻成穗率分别降低1.30、5.07个百分点、早稻分别降低2.38、3.77个百分点,而处理S2对水稻有效穗数和成穗率影响不显著,早晚稻仅平均下降2.32条/m2和0.14个百分点。同时,水稻的有效穗数随穗肥氮素用量的增加而增加,处理N1、N2、N3早晚稻有效穗数平均较N0分别增加29.03、38.77、42.56条/m2,但增加幅度逐渐减弱,即N1较N0、N2较N1、N3较N2分别增加19.03、9.74、3.79穗/m2;成穗率表现为晚稻随穗肥氮素用量的先增加后逐渐下降,早稻表现为逐渐增加,但变幅较小。另外,随穗肥氮素用量的增加,遮光处理S1和S3的有效穗数和结实率下降幅度逐渐减少(表2),与S0相比,早晚季处理S1有效条数降幅由14.58条/m2减少到4.37条/m2,成穗率由降低2.66个百分点减少到仅降低0.97个百分点;早晚季处理S3有效穗数降幅也由19.65条/m2下降到6.56条/m2,成穗率由降低5.43个百分点减少到仅降低3.61个百分点。

图1 遮光处理穗肥氮素不同用量对水稻成穗率和有效穗数的影响
Fig.1 Effects of different amounts of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on spike rate and effective panicles of rice under shading treatment

同组柱上小写英文字母不同者表示处理间差异显著
Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among treatments

表2 穗肥氮素不同用量对遮光处理水稻有效穗数和成穗率下降的影响
Table 2 Effects of different amounts of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on panicle formation character of rice under shading treatment

注:有效穗数和成穗率百分点下降为S0与其他遮光处理的差。
Notes: Decreased effective panicles and percentage point of percentage of spike rate were the difference of S0 and other shading treatment.

氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment成穗率下降百分点Decreased percentage point of percentage of spike rate晚稻 Later rice 早稻 Early rice 晚稻 Later rice 早稻 Early rice S0-S1 S0-S3 S0-S1 S0-S3 S0-S1 S0-S3 S0-S1 S0-S3 N1 8.78 15.85 14.58 19.65 2.02 6.46 3.31 4.40 N2 5.78 14.17 12.75 17.08 1.14 5.30 2.90 3.76 N3 4.37 6.56 6.12 17.20 1.11 3.53 0.83 3.69有效穗数降幅Decreased effective panicles (No./m2)

2.3 遮光处理穗肥氮肥不同用量对水稻产量构成的影响

图2表明,遮光处理影响了早晚季水稻的产量构成。与处理S0相比,处理S1的水稻每穗粒数、每穗实粒数显著降低,不同氮肥处理下早晚稻平均分别降低45.7、38.6粒,结实率和千粒重表现略有下降,平均分别降低0.25个百分点和0.42 g,差异不显著;处理S3水稻的每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著降低,不同氮肥处理早晚稻平均分别降低54.4粒、91.8粒、34.1个百分点和2.25 g;处理S2水稻每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著降低,不同氮肥处理早晚稻平均分别降低77.8粒、48.3个百分点和0.8 g。此外,表3显示随穗肥氮素用量增加,3个遮光处理每穗实粒数下降的幅度都逐渐降低,且处理S1和S3水稻每穗粒数和结实率的降幅也逐渐降低。

2.4 遮光处理穗肥氮素用量对水稻产量的影响

图3显示,不同遮光处理水稻产量表现为S0>S1>S2>S3,且处理间差异显著,相较于S0,处理S1、S2和S3晚稻和早稻平均产量分别减 少41.4%、51.3%、67.6%和22.6%、54.2%、68.1%。此外,遮光处理穗期氮素用量增加可显著提高水稻产量,但增产幅度随氮肥用量增加而逐渐减少,S0早晚季处理N1、N2、N3较N0平均分别增产16.3%、19.6%、21.9%,S1处理平均分别增产1.8%、11.5%、14.5%,S2处理平均分别增产4.9%、18.6%、27.2%,S3处理平均分别增产10.5%、22.4%、27.7%。统计分析表明不同遮光处理N0、N1和N2、N3的差异均达显著水平。表4显示,穗期增施氮肥可以减少遮光导致的水稻产量下降幅度,N2、N3处理S1、S2和S3水稻产量降幅分别较N1下降3.9、4.4、0.9和4.3、6.8、3.1个百分点。

图2 遮光处理幼穗分化期氮肥不同用量对水稻产量构成因素的影响
Fig.2 Effects of different amounts of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on yield components of rice under shading treatment

同组柱上小写英文字母不同者表示处理间差异显著
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments

表3 穗肥氮素不同用量对遮光处理水稻粒数和结实率下降的影响
Table 3 Effects of different amounts of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on grain number per panicle and percentage point of seed setting rate of rice under shading treatment

注:降低穗粒数有效穗数、降低穗实粒数和结实率下降百分点为S0与其他遮光处理的差。
Notes: Decreased spikelet numbers per panicle,grain number per ear and percentage point of seed setting rate were the difference of S0 and other shading treatments.

结实率下降百分点Decreased percentage point of seed setting rate晚稻 Later rice 早稻 Early rice 晚稻 Later rice 早稻 Early rice 晚稻 Later rice 早稻 Early rice S0-S1 S0-S3 S0-S1 S0-S3 S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S2 S0-S3 N0 57.9 66.6 21.4 25.9 55.5 71.3 79.0 22.5 86.9 102.8 42.3 29.8 49.6 48.0 N1 62.0 69.9 42.7 49.5 71.2 73.3 93.8 20.6 91.6 98.9 43.9 19.0 54.9 50.2 N2 50.2 67.0 42.7 48.4 52.6 71.5 91.5 19.9 81.2 95.5 43.2 18.0 57.6 47.5 N3 46.9 60.6 41.4 47.7 48.1 67.5 89.3 18.3 78.7 83.4 39.8 15.7 55.4 43.0氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment穗粒数降幅Decreased spikelet numbers per panicle穗实粒数降幅Decreased grain number per ear

图3 遮光处理穗肥氮素不同用量对水稻产量的影响
Fig.3 Effects of different amounts of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on yield of rice under shading treatment

小写英文字母不同者表示同一氮肥用量不同遮光处理间差异显著,大写英文字母不同者表示同一遮光处理不同氮肥用量处理间差异极显著
Different lowercase letters represent the significant differences of different shading treatment with the same nitrogen fertilizer amount,different capital letters represent the extremely significant differences of different nitrogen fertilizer amount treatment with the same shading condition.

表4 穗肥氮素不同用量对遮光处理水稻减产率(%)的影响
Table 4 Effects of different amounts of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on percentage of yield reduction of rice under shading treatment

注:水稻减产百分率为S0和其他遮光处理的产量差。
Notes: Decreased percentage of yield reduction of rice were the difference of yield of S0 and other treatments.

氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment晚稻 Later rice in 2010 早稻 Early rice in 2011 S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 N1 46.3 55.9 69.6 25.7 57.6 68.9 N2 41.2 51.2 69.0 23.1 53.5 67.7 N3 40.9 49.3 65.2 22.5 50.6 66.9

3 讨论

3.1 遮光条件下增施穗肥氮素用量对水稻减产效应的影响

大量研究表明,遮光不利于作物的产量和品质,但增施氮肥能够在一定程度上缓解遮光对作物产量的不利影响[20]。潘圣刚等[5]研究表明,在单层遮荫条件下,增施氮肥可以减轻遮荫对水稻有效穗数和产量的不利影响。黄丽芬等[4]研究表明,弱光条件下增施氮肥使成熟期地上部干物质积累量增大,产量有所提高。有研究发现遮光处理使水稻产量显著下降,降幅达27%以上,但随氮肥水平增加,抽穗至成熟阶段干物质积累、有效穗数和每穗粒数增加,最终水稻产量得以显著提高,认为氮肥施用能部分弥补弱光逆境对超级粳稻氮、磷、钾吸收、物质生产及产量的影响[21-23]。本试验结果表明,遮光处理显著降低了水稻的产量,与S0相比,4个氮水平处理S1、S2和S3的产量平均分别下降32.0%、52.7%、67.8%,遮光处理对水稻产量的影响表现为处理S1<S2<S3,这与相关研究结果基本一致[4-5,20-23],但分析也发现通过增加穗肥氮素用量可降低水稻减产幅度,N2、N3处理S1、S2和S3水稻产量降幅分别较N1下降3.9、4.4、0.9个百分点和4.3、6.8、3.1个百分点。因此,穗肥氮素用量的增加可以减少遮光导致的水稻产量下降幅度,通过适量增加穗肥氮素用量能够降低遮光导致的水稻减产效应。

3.2 遮光条件下增施穗肥氮素用量对水稻关键生育时期的影响

就遮光处理对作物生长发育的研究而言,遮光会对水稻的生长发育产生显著影响,表现为生育期延迟等[24-26]。本试验发现遮光处理对水稻的生育时期具有一定影响,表现为在遮光条件下水稻始穗期、齐穗期和成熟期延迟;在遮光后施用氮肥影响了水稻的生育进程,表现为始穗期推迟、水稻灌浆期和全生育期的延长,规律与潘圣刚等[5]研究结果一致,但影响的天数存在一定差异。本试验中遮光处理穗肥氮素施用使水稻灌浆期和全生育期分别延长3 d和4 d,与已有相关研究存在差异的原因可能与品种以及年际间气候特征不同有关。

3.3 遮光条件下增施穗肥氮素用量对水稻产量构成要素的影响

氮素是影响水稻生长发育和产量形成最敏感的因素之一[27-28]。潘圣刚等[29]研究表明施用氮肥可以促进水稻早发分蘖,形成较多的有效分蘖,从而确保水稻收获时具备足够的有效穗和每穗实粒数。光强对水稻产量的影响较大,表现为降低光照强度,水稻的穗粒数、结实率、千粒重下降,从而影响了水稻产量[8,30]。本试验也发现,遮光影响了水稻的产量构成要素,4个氮水平下S1、S2和S3平均分别较S0的水稻穗实粒数平均分别下降38.6、77.8、91.8粒,结实率平均分别下降0.2、48.3、34.1个百分点,千粒重平均分别下降0.4、0.8、2.3 g,这与潘圣刚等[5]、谢小兵等[31]的研究规律较为一致。但本试验也发现增加穗肥氮素的施用量可一定程度降低遮光对水稻的有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率等构成要素的影响,与S0相比,随氮肥施用量的增加,处理S1有效穗数降幅由14.58条/m2减少到4.37条/m2,成穗率由降低2.66个百分点减少到仅降低0.97个百分点;S3有效穗数降幅也由19.65条/m2下降到6.56条/m2,成穗率由降低5.43个百分点减少到仅降低3.61个百分点。虽然穗肥氮素用量增加没有避免遮光导致的水稻显著减产,但在一定程度上降低了遮光导致的水稻减产幅度,即增加穗肥氮素用量可以在一定程度上可以提高遮光条件下水稻的稳产性。

4 结论

幼穗分化后遮光处理显著降低了水稻的产量,影响了水稻产量构成要素,但穗肥氮素用量的增加在一定程度上影响了水稻的生育进程,延长水稻籽粒灌浆期和全生育期,提高水稻的有效穗数、穗实粒数和结实率,而降低遮光处理对水稻产量构成要素的影响,进而在一定程度上降低遮光的减产效应,提高幼穗分化后寡照水稻的稳产性。本试验4种遮光处理中,增施穗肥氮素降低处理S3减产的幅度最大,其次是S2。

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Research of Panicle Nitrogen Fertilizer Amount on Reducing Yield Reduction Caused by Shading at Young Panicle Differentiation Stage of Rice

WU Longmei1,LI Huifen1,HUANG Qing1, 2,ZOU Jixiang1,ZHANG Bin1,BAO Xiaozhe1,LI Rui1
(1.Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding,Guangzhou 510640,China;2.Guangdong Haina Agricultural Research Institute,Huizhou 516005,China)

Abstract:【Objective】 Theoretical basis for stable yield cultivation of rice under shading environment will be provided based on the exploration of the effect of panicle nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on rice yield reduction caused by shading environment at young panicle differentiation stage.【Method】 The Guinongzhan,a super rice variety of Guangdong province,was selected as test material to conduct split plot experiment.At second young panicle differentiation stage,four different panicle N fertilizer applications of 0 kg/hm2 (N0),22.5 kg/hm2 (N1),37.5 kg/hm2 (N2),52.5 kg/hm2 (N3) were set as main part.Four shading treatments were set as the secondary part: not shading from the second young panicle differentiation stage to maturity (S0),shading from the second young panicle differentiation stage to full heading stage (S1),shading from full heading stage to maturity (S2),and shading from the second young panicle differentiation stage to maturity (S3).The effects of different N fertilizer amount at second young panicle differentiation stage and different shading time after the young spike differentiation on rice growing process,stem tiller characteristics,yield and its components were studied.【Result】 Under different N fertilizer application amount,yields all showed as:S0>S1>S2>S3.Compared with S0,yields of S1,S2 and S3 significantly decreased 32.0%,52.7% and 67.8%,respectively.The increment of N fertilizer reduced the yield reduction effect resulted by shading.Compared with N1,yields of N2 and N3 under S1,S2 and S3 increased 3.9% and 4.3%,4.4% and 6.8%,0.9% and 3.1% ,respectively.Meanwhile,the increment of N fertilizer prolonged grain filling stage,decreased the reduction range of spike rate,effective panicle number,filled grains and 1 000-grain weight.【Conclusion】 The increasing application of panicle N fertilizer application could prolong the grain-filling of rice young panicle differentiation stage encountered low light,and reduce the effect of shading on yield and its components,which decreased the yield reduction extent caused by shading.The increasing application of N fertilizer had the best effect on the stable production of rice in S2,and then followed by S1 treatment.

Key words:rice; young panicle differentiation stage; shading; nitrogen fertilizer; yield and yield components

中图分类号:S511.01

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1004-874X(2019)09-0018-09

伍龙梅,李惠芬,黄庆,邹积祥,张彬,包晓哲,李锐.幼穗分化期氮肥用量降低水稻遮光减产效应研究[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(9):18-26.

收稿日期:2019-07-05

基金项目:广东省科技计划项目(2016A020209002,2017A020208032);广州市科技计划项目(201604020066);广东省农业厅发展粮食生产项目(粤农计〔2018〕37号)

作者简介:伍龙梅(1986—),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为水稻生理生态,E-mail:wulongmei88@163.com

通信作者:张彬(1979—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为水稻丰产优质栽培,E-mail:zhangbin@gdaas.cn

(责任编辑 邹移光)