| 张红娜 1,2，王 灿 1,2.长链非编码 RNA 在园艺植物中的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(7):11-25 |
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长链非编码 RNA 在园艺植物中的研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Long Non-coding RNA in Horticultural Plants |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.07.002 |
| 中文关键词: lncRNA 园艺植物 作用机制 生长发育 花青素合成 代谢途径 胁迫响应 |
| 英文关键词: lncRNA horticultural plants function mechanism growth and development anthocyanin synthesis metabolic pathways stress response |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32160687、31872079）；海南省重大科技专项（ZDKJ2021014）；海南省自然科学基金（321RC467）；海南大学科研创业基金（KYQD-ZR-20090） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 473 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 长链非编码 RNA（Long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）是广泛存在于植物基因组中的一种 RNA，其在植物多种调控过程中起着至关重要的作用。lncRNA 是指核苷酸长度大于 200 nt 且不具备或几乎不具备蛋白编码能力的 RNA，植物 lncRNA 大多由 RNA 聚合酶Ⅱ转录而来，主要由基因结构变异、基因复制、染色体重组或转座子插入等方式产生。植物 lncRNA 种类繁多，根据其产生的相对位置及作用形式可以分为不同种类。lncRNA的结构与 mRNA 相似，具有帽子和 poly（A）结构及可折叠性，但其转录本比 mRNA 长，转录丰度低，表达特异性极高，且保守性低。园艺植物 lncRNA 的作用机制复杂，可以在转录前后、翻译前后以及表观遗传等方面发挥作用，主要通过顺反式调控邻近基因转录、作为 miRNA 前体或内源性靶标模拟物、与转录因子相互作用、调整 mRNA 可变剪接、调整蛋白重定位及参与染色质重塑等方式发挥作用。园艺植物与人类生活密切相关，园艺植物的研究是农业发展的重要组成部分。随着测序技术的不断发展，植物 lncRNA 的研究也从拟南芥等模式植物拓展到园艺植物，不同种类及数量的 lncRNA 在园艺植物中被鉴定，并被发现参与种子萌发、生殖生长等生长发育过程，以及病虫害等生物胁迫和高温、冷害、干旱、盐分等非生物胁迫的响应等多种调控作用。本文综述了近年来 lncRNA 在园艺植物中的研究进展，概述了园艺植物 lncRNA 的产生、特点、分类、作用机制以及目前园艺植物中所鉴定到的 lncRNA 及其主要生物学功能，并对未来园艺植物 lncRNA 的研究方向提出展望，以期对园艺植物中 lncRNA 的深入研究提供参考及基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA widely present in plant genome, which plays a crucial role in various regulatory processes in plants. LncRNA refers to RNA with a nucleotide length greater than 200 nt and has no or almost no protein coding ability. Most plant lncRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase Ⅱ and are mainly produced from gene structural variation, gene replication, chromosome recombination, or transposon insertion. There are many types of lncRNA in plants, which can be divided based on their relative positions and forms of functions. The structure of lncRNA is similar to mRNA, which has the cap and poly (A) structure and foldability, but its transcript is longer than mRNA, and has low transcriptional abundance, extremely high expression specificity, and low conservation. The functional mechanisms of lncRNA in horticultural plants are complex, which can play roles in pre-/post- transcription, pre-/post- translation, and epigenetics. It mainly plays a role through cis-/trans-regulating gene transcription, acting as a precursor or endogenous target mimic of miRNA, interacting with transcription factors, modulating mRNA alternative splicing, modulating protein localization, and participating in chromatin remodeling. Horticultural plants are closely related to human life, and its study is an important part of agricultural development. With the continuous development of sequencing technology, research on plant lncRNA has also expanded from model plants such as Arabidopsis to horticultural plants. Different types and quantities of lncRNAs have been identified in horticultural plants and found to be involved in seed germination, reproductive growth, as well as in response to biotic stresses such as diseases and pests, and abiotic stresses such as high temperature, cold, drought, and salt. In this paper, the research progress of lncRNA in horticultural plants in recent years was reviewed, and the generation, characteristics, classification and mechanism of lncRNA were summarized, as well as the identified lncRNAs and their main biological functions in horticultural plants. It also puts forward prospects for future research directions of lncRNA, in order to provide reference and foundation for further research on lncRNA in horticultural plants |
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