| 尹珂，肖轶.基于量化模型的土地利用格局优化及景观效应分析[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(17):228-233 |
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基于量化模型的土地利用格局优化及景观效应分析 |
| A quantitative model for optimization of land use patterns and its landscape effect analysis |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 量化模型 土地利用格局优化 景观效应 重庆市渝北区 |
| 英文关键词: quantitative model optimization of land use patterns landscape effect Yubei district |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1370 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 我国正处于城市化和工业化快速发展阶段，城乡结合部成为土地利用性质和生态系统变化最剧烈的地区，因此本研究建立土地利用格局优化模型模拟评价其景观效应。研究方法在Bos 森林分区模型基础上加以改进，主要包括：加入二次函数项体现土地单元的空间性；加入非对称权重系数矩阵突出相邻土地单元的用途兼容性；加入强制约束条件凸显土地单元的生态连续性。模拟结果表明：（1）“欧氏平方距离”可以令区域内含有不同保护意义的核心区；（2）“不可逆土地利用兼容性”可以聚合相似土地适宜性单元同时使边缘总长度最小化；（3）“连通性限制条件”可以降低景观破碎度并有利于兼容性土地用途的聚合。本研究是基于现有规划作出调整，只要有现存规划就能获得模型所需的大部分数据，所以不失为一种快捷且低成本的定量模型方法，既可以凸显土地利用格局的冲突，又能最大程度降低规划的主观性和不合理性，提高土地利用系统的生态功能。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Reasonable planning for land use pattern resulted from economic development could effectively curb the decline in the quality of regional ecological environment and help relieve non-pollution ecological damage. However, the lack of this planning is common and, as a consequence, many areas are not effective in achieving the optimal utilization goals. In this work, we introduce a quantitative method to land use pattern planning. When formulated in mathematical terms, the problem of land use pattens subject to both box and spatial constraints results in a combinatorial optimization problem belonging to the NP-hard class. This fact and the usual dimension of the problem (regularly in the tens of thousands order) suggest the need to apply a heuristic approach. In this study we established a land use pattern optimization model based on a simulated annealing algorithm. Building upon previous work by Bos, we introduce three main innovations (a quadratic function of distance between land units, a non-symmetric matrix of compatibilities among uses, and a spatial connection constraint) that make the approach applicable for ecological purposes. When applied to solving small-size simulated problems,the results were indistinguishable from those obtained via an exact, enumerative method. A coarse-scale optimization of land use patterns in Longxing town rendered maps remarkably similar to those produced by subject area experts using a non-quantitative consensus-seeking approach. Results are encouraging since quantitative methods are regarded as fast, reliable and amenable to quick reviews and updates,they can be useful tools. Our quantitative zoning model allows for the consideration of both land aptitude and possible spatial interactions.Obviously, representation of reality is simplified; not every possible criterion for use aptitude would be easily coded for inclusion in the model. There is still ample room for the work of subject experts in defining possible uses, aptitude, compatibilities among uses, spatial constraints, etc. What the model guarantees, however, is that, given a complete input set for a target area, it will produce alternative zoning plans by modifying key input terms such as weighting coefficients and constraints. The choice of parameters will depend on the experience and ability of the group providing expert knowledge data. The proposed heuristic algorithm is efficient in producing nearoptimum values for the objective function. All solutions obtained satisfy the required constraints. However, it will usually still require several re-runs of the procedure until one or more solutions satisfying subject experts and managers are obtained. Translating the objectives and vision of different stakeholders into model parameters and constraints may prove difficult. Nonetheless, it may still be rewarding because most biases and conflicts of interest will be explicitly exposed, which could facilitate the task of finding common ground. Although our quantitative method may not be the definite answer for optimization of land use patterns, it is a fast, inexpensive, and useful tool for supporting land use planning, illuminating possible land use conflicts and, thus, hopefully, minimizing poor planning. |
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