| 庞洋洋1，罗 伟1，李文红1，戴晓玲1，杨 芳1，章增林1，李柏愉1，吕业坚2.淡水鱼塘中重金属Cu、Zn 含量及其综合
生态风险水平的年际变化趋势分析[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(15):127-134 |
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淡水鱼塘中重金属Cu、Zn 含量及其综合
生态风险水平的年际变化趋势分析 |
| Analysis of interannual variation of Cu，Zn contents andcomprehensive ecological risk level in polycuture fish ponds |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 混养鱼塘 重金属 表层沉积物 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词: polyculture fish pond heavy metal surface sediment ecological risk |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（71103053）；海南省
自然科学基金（414193）；中央财政中西部教学创新团队
建设专项（02M4097005002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解淡水混养鱼塘中重金属Cu、Zn 的含量变化趋势及潜在生态危害程度，连续4 年采用火焰
原子吸收分光光度法对混养鱼塘的水体及表层（0~5 cm）沉积物中Cu、Zn 含量进行监测，并用3 种不同的方
法分别对监测结果进行变化趋势分析和潜在生态危害程度评价。结果表明，鱼塘水体及表层沉积物中Cu、Zn
的空间分布差异不显著，但时间分布差异显著，Cu、Zn 含量随着养殖时间的延长而增高；水体中Cu、Zn 含量
均达到国家地表水水质（GB3838-2002）Ⅱ级水标准，其中Cu 质量浓度平均含量为0.0691 mg/L，最高浓度为
0.1605 mg/L，超过《渔业水质标准》（GB11607-89），超标率为96.9%；Zn 质量浓度平均含量为0.1535 mg/L，
最高浓度为0.4850 mg/L，超标率为37.5%；表层沉积物中Cu、Zn 质量浓度平均值分别为64.8722、295.1020
mg/kg。地积累指数评价结果显示，Cu、Zn 4 年均值地积累指数分别为0.996 和1.864，污染程度Zn ＞ Cu，Cu
污染程度为轻度偏中度污染，Zn 污染程度为轻度中度污染；潜在生态风险评价结果显示，Cu、Zn 的潜在生态
危害系数（Ei
r）均低于40，综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）为13.769~26.201，平均为21.596，为低生态风险。4
年中Cu、Zn 的RI 呈逐渐上升趋势，表现为2012 年＞ 2013 年＞ 2014 年＞ 2011 年。无量纲分析结果显示，
2011 年和2012 年养殖鱼塘水体中Cu、Zn 含量均高于表层沉积物中二者含量，2013 年和2014 年表层沉积物
中Cu、Zn 含量均明显高于水体中含量。相关性分析表明，淡水养殖池塘中重金属Cu、Zn 的来源相同，在水体
和表层沉积物之间的迁移方向一致但迁移途径不同，水体和表层沉积物中的总磷含量可能是影响Cu、Zn 迁移
的主要因子。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The contents of two heavy metals（Cu and Zn）in water and surface sediments（0-5 cm）in
polyculture fish ponds were measured by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for four consecutive years，in
order to investigate the content change trend and their potential ecological risks，by three different methods. The results
showed that the spatial distribution differences of Cu and Zn in fish pond water and surface sediments were not
significant，but the time distribution differences were significantly different，the heavy metal contents increased with
culture time increasing. In water，the contents of Cu and
Zn were relatively lower than the national water standards
o f c l a s s Ⅱ （ G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ） ，t h e a v e r a g e
concentrations of Cu and Zn were 0.0691 mg/L and
0.1535 mg/L，the highest concentrations were 0.1605
mg/L and 0.4850 mg/L，the exceeded standard rates of
Cu and Zn were 96.9% and 37.5%，respectively. In
surface sediments，the average contents of Cu and Zn
were 64.8722 mg/kg and 295.1020 mg/kg. The average Igeo of Cu and Zn for four years were 0.996（slight to partial
moderate pollution）and 1.864（slight to moderate pollution）. The potential ecological risk indexes（Ei
r ）of Cu and
Zn were lower than 40，the comprehensive potential ecological risk indexes（RIs）were 13.769 to 26.201，and the
average was 21.596，indicating that the potential ecological risks were slight. The RIs of Cu and Zn had gradual upward
trend within four years，as follows：2012 > 2013 > 2014 > 2011. The results of dimensionless analysis displayed that the
Cu，Zn contents in water were higher than those in surface sediments in 2011 and 2012，and was lower than those in
surface sediments in 2013 and 2014. Correlation analysis showed that in freshwater ponds，the sources of Cu and Zn
were the same，the migration direction of Cu and Zn was consistent but the migration ways were different between water
and surface sediments，the total phosphorus content would be the main factor affecting the migration of Cu and Zn. |
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