| 王发勇1，2，袁清华3，张宏建1，钟俊周4，可文庚2，喻绍新2，陈建军1.不同氮素形态配比影响始兴烟叶生产的比较分析[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(2):68-74 |
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不同氮素形态配比影响始兴烟叶生产的比较分析 |
| Comparative analysis on the production of shixing tobacco leaf by different nitrogen forms |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.02.012 |
| 中文关键词: 烤烟 氮素形态 生育进程 农艺性状 经济性状 |
| 英文关键词: flue-cured tobacco forms of nitrogen growth process agronomic traits economic traits |
| 基金项目:广东省烟草专卖局（公司）科技项目（粤烟科[2014]1 号，粤烟科[2011]28 号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 始兴是广东浓香型烟叶的重要产区。为探讨不同氮素形态配比对烤烟生育进程、农艺、经济
性状及化学成分的影响，为始兴烟区筛选最优的氮素施肥方式提供依据，田间试验设N1（100% 硝态氮）、
N2（30% 铵态氮+70% 硝态氮）、N3（50% 铵态氮+50% 硝态氮）、N4（70% 铵态氮+30% 硝态氮）、N5
（100% 铵态氮）5 个供氮形态配比处理，施氮量为165 kg/hm2，按N︰P2O5︰K2O =1︰1︰3 配肥。结果表
明：（1）全硝态氮处理（N1）团棵期与其他处理差异显著，分别比处理N2、N4、N5 早4、9、12 d；（2）随
着铵态氮配比的增加，团棵期各处理间主要农艺性状差异显著，而现蕾期及圆顶期烟株各主要农艺性状差
异不明显，从整个生育期来看，硝态氮能加快烤烟的生育进程，而不同氮素形态对烟株农艺性状影响较小；
（3）烤后烟叶以N3 处理经济性状表现最优，每公顷烟叶产量2 621.16 kg、产值70 666.47 元，中上等烟比
例96.87%、均价26.96 元/kg；（4）N4、N3 处理有利于烟叶石油醚提取物的积累。说明硝态氮促进烟株早生
快发、加快生育进程，而合适的配比有利于烟叶经济性状的表现及化学成分的协调。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Shixing is an important producing area of Guangdong Luzhou-flavor tobacco. Under different
ecological conditions，the effects of different nitrogen forms proportioning on the production of flue-cured tobacco
are different. It is particularly important to determine the nitrogenous form proportioning fertilization method in line
with the local ecological conditions according to local conditions. In this study，field experiments were conducted to
investigate the effects of different N sources on the nitrogen fertilization rate. The nitrogen application rate was 165
kg/hm2 and the treatments were N1（ 100% nitrate nitrogen），N2（ 30% ammonia nitrogen + 70% nitrate nitrogen）， N3（ 50% ammonia nitrogen + 50% nitrate nitrogen），N4（ 70% ammonia nitrogen + 30% nitrate nitrogen） and N5
（100% ammonia nitrogen） The effects of flue-cured tobacco on the fertility process，agronomic and economic
characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that：（1） Nitrate
promoted tobacco plants grow quicker，the growth process accelerated，mainly in the shortened rooting stage. With
the increase of the proportion of nitrate nitrogen，the field growth period of flue-cured tobacco tended to shorten.
（2） When the proportion of ammonium nitrogen increased，the main agronomic characters of tobacco plant was
significantly different in the resetting stage，whereas the major agronomic traits and differences budding stage and
dome stage of tobacco was not obvious. （ 3） The optimal performance of the economic characters of flue-cured
tobacco leaves under the condition of 50% nitrate nitrogen and 50% ammonium nitrogen ratio.（4） The ratio of 30%
nitrate nitrogen and 70% ammonium nitrogen，50% nitrate nitrogen and 50% ammonium nitrogen was beneficial to
the accumulation of petroleum ether extract. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen promoted the rapid emergence
and rapid growth of tobacco plants in early growth，and the appropriate ratio was conducive to the performance of
economic traits and the coordination of chemical components. |
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