| 戴利铭1，刘一贤1，施玉萍1，李岚岚1，张 璇2，蔡志英1.橡胶树可可毛色二孢叶斑病菌生物学特性及药剂筛选试验[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(7):87-93 |
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橡胶树可可毛色二孢叶斑病菌生物学特性及药剂筛选试验 |
| The biological characteristics of Lasiodiplodia theobromaecausing leaf spot on rubber tree and the selectionof fungicides in laboratory |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.07.014 |
| 中文关键词: 橡胶树 可可毛色二孢 生物学特性 杀菌剂 毒力测定 |
| 英文关键词: rubber tree Lasiodiplodia theobromae biological characteristics fungicide toxicity test |
| 基金项目:云南省技术创新人才培养项目（2016HB016）；云南省财政专项（RF2017-6）；云南省科技人才赴发达国家访学项目（2017IA021）；云南省现代农业天然橡胶产业技术体系（2017KJTX008） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 由可可毛色二孢菌引起的橡胶树叶斑病是广东、海南、云南地区橡胶树的一种新病害，通过对该病原菌生物学特性研究和室内高效低毒化学药剂筛选，为该病害的防治提供理论依据。选取经鉴定的主要代表菌株，采用实验室常规法研究该病原菌的生物学特性，并用菌丝生长速率法测定10种杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力。结果显示其菌丝最适生长温度为30℃；最适生长pH范围为6～8；致死温度为53℃处理10 min；最适菌落生长碳源为葡萄糖，最适氮源为牛肉浸膏；不同光照条件对菌丝生长有影响，在24 h光照菌丝生长最快。10种杀菌剂对可可毛色二孢的毒力差异显著，其中多菌灵EC50最低，为0.0675 μg/mL；其次为甲基硫菌灵，EC50为0.2019 μg/mL。可见，橡胶树可可毛色二孢是一种适应性极强的高温适生菌；杀菌剂室内毒力测定结果表明，可以用多菌灵、丙环唑、甲基硫菌灵、苯醚甲环唑等药剂防治橡胶树可可毛色二孢叶斑病。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The leaf spot of rubber tree caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae was a new rubber trees disease in Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan Province. In order to provide theoretical basis for effective prevention and control of this leaf spot on rubber tree, the biological characteristics of L. theobromae and the selection of high efficiency and low toxicity fungicides were studied in this study. The biological characteristics of this pathogen was analysed by conventional methods. The toxicity of ten fungicides to L. theobromae was tested by the method of mycelia growth inhibition. The results showed that the optimum growth temperature of L. theobromae was 30℃ the most suitable growth pH ranged from 6 to 8; the lethal temperature was at 53℃ for 10 min; the best carbon source for mycelial growth was glucose; the best nitrogen source was beef extract. Different light treatment had significant effects on growth of mycelia and 24 h lighting condition was most suitable to growth of mycela. The result indicated that the toxicity to this pathogen of these fungicides was significantly different. Among these ten the fungicides, we found that carbendazim showed the best efficiency with the value of EC50 0.0675 μg/mL and the following one was thiophanate-methyl with the value of EC50 0.2019 μg/mL. L. theobromae was a thermoacidophilic fungi，while it can be inhibited by carbendazim, propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole to prevent leaf spot. |
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