| 沈会芳，蒲小明，张景欣，孙大元，林壁润.烟草杀虫剂和除草剂药害修复剂筛选试验[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(6):99-109 |
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烟草杀虫剂和除草剂药害修复剂筛选试验 |
| Screening of Detoxication for Tobacco Phytotoxicity Caused by Insecticides and Herbicides |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.06.014 |
| 中文关键词: 烟草 二氯喹啉酸 苄嘧磺隆 药害 修复剂 |
| 英文关键词: tobacco quinclorac bensulfuron-methyl phototoxicity detoxication |
| 基金项目:广东省烟草科技计划项目（粤烟科专项 201407，粤烟科专项 201701）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系：农业面源污染防控与产地环境安全共性技术创新团队（2018LM2151）、绿色发展共性关键技术创新团队（粤农农函[2019]559 号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选烟草杀虫剂和除草剂药害的修复剂。【方法】通过盆栽试验研究修复剂对烟草药害
的修复效果。【结果】微量元素肥对灭多威和辛硫磷药害的修复效果较好，药后 9 d, 修复率分别达 47.28% 和
54.43%；芸台素内酯和氨基酸肥对吡虫啉的修复效果较好，药后 9 d，药害修复率分别达 60.32% 和 56.77%。
活性炭和生石灰对二氯喹啉酸修复效果较好，活性炭施用量 80 mg/kg，药后 30 d 对烟草株高、叶长和叶宽修复
率分别为 81.44%、76.81% 和 89.59%，且修复效果随着施用量的增加而增加。生石灰施用量为 150 mg/kg 时，
对二氯喹啉酸修复效果最好，但随着施用量的增加修复效果下降。活性炭和吡唑解草酯对苄嘧磺隆药害修复效
果较好，吡唑解草酯施用量为 4 mg/kg 时，对苄嘧磺隆药害修复效果最好，随着施用量的增加修复效果下降。
活性炭对苄嘧磺隆修复效果随着施用量的增加而增加。【结论】可用微量元素肥修复灭多威和辛硫磷药害，芸
台素内酯和氨基酸肥修复吡虫啉药害，活性炭和生石灰修复二氯喹啉酸药害，活性炭和吡唑解草酯修复苄嘧磺
隆药害。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】 The study was to screen detoxications to phytotoxicity caused by insecticides and herbicides
on tobacco.【Method】The pot experiment was conducted to study the detoxication effects to tobacco photytoxicity. 【Result】
Microelement fertilizer had good repair effect to the phytotoxicity of methomyl and phoxim. The repair rates were 47.28%
and 54.43%, respectively after 9 days treatment. Brassinolide and amino acid fertilizer could relieve the phototoxicity of
imidacloprid . After 9 days treatment, the repair rates were 60.32% and 56.77%, respectively. Active carbon and quick lime
could repair deformity of tobacco by quinclorac. When the concentration of active carbon in soil was 80mg/kg, the repair
rate of the plant height, leaf length and leaf width were 81.44%, 76.81% and 89.59% after 30 days treatment, and the repair
rate increased with the increase of the concentration of active carbon in soil. Quick lime had the best detoxication effect on quinclorac when the concentration was 150 mg/kg in soil, but the repair rate decreased with the increase of the concentration of
quick lime . Mefenpyr-diethyl and active carbon could relieve bensulfuron-methyl’s inhibition on growth of tobacco. Active
carbon and mefenpyr-diethyl had good repairing effects on bensulfuron-methyl. Mefenpyr-diethyl had the best detoxication
effect on bensulfuron-methyl when its concentration was 4 mg/kg in soil. The repair effect decreased with the increase of the
concentration of mefenpyr-diethyl. The detoxication effect of active carbon on bensulfuron-methyl phototoxicity increased with
the increase of its concentration in soil. 【Conclusion】 Microelement fertilizer could be use to alleviate the phototoxicity of
methomyl and phoxim. Brassinolide and amino acid fertilizer could relieve the imidacloprid phototoxicity on tobacco. Active
carbon and quick lime could repair the tobacco phytotoxicity by quinclorac. Bensulfuron-methyl phototoxicity could be
alleviated by active carbon and mefenpyr-diethyl. |
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