| 涂从勇，王 丰.绿色革命六十载，天下粮安系终生——半矮秆水稻之父黄耀祥院士的学术成就回顾[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(9):1-7 |
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绿色革命六十载，天下粮安系终生——半矮秆水稻之父黄耀祥院士的学术成就回顾 |
| Sixty Years’Devotion to Green Revolution andA Life Time Commitment to Food Security—Review on the Academic Achievements of Huang Yaoxiang, Father of Semi-dwarf Rice Breeding |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.09.001 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 水稻矮化育种 绿色革命 生态育种 组群筛选 广场矮 |
| 英文关键词: rice dwarf rice breeding green revolution ecological breeding cross combination and population selection Guangchangai |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2109 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在水稻矮化育种成功 60 周年之际，回顾了黄耀祥院士在水稻育种研究方面的巨大成就。1959 年
通过人工杂交成功培育出世界上第一个大面积应用的水稻矮秆品种——广场矮，开创了一条水稻矮化育种的新
途径。水稻矮化育种的成功，使水稻单产实现了第一次飞跃，与墨西哥的小麦矮化育种一起，引领了农业史上
的第一次绿色革命，并为第二次绿色革命——杂交水稻的研究与发展奠定了重要基础。此后，在水稻矮化育种
基础上，黄耀祥院士先后开创了水稻丛化育种、半矮杆“早长”超高产育种、半矮秆“早长、根深”超高产（特）
优质育种和超级稻育种，创建了高效的杂交育种“组群筛选法”，从而建立了水稻生态育种科学体系，丰富和
发展了水稻育种学。黄耀祥院士带领育种团队先后培育出 60 多个水稻新品种，其中推广面积超过 66.7 万 hm2 的
品种有 15 个，先后获得国家、省 ( 部 ) 级等各类科技成果奖 15 项，为我国粮食增产和水稻科技进步作出了重大
贡献。通过回顾黄耀祥院士在水稻育种研究上取得的主要成就，展示他不断解决水稻生产问题的思路和方法，
总结他求真务实、敏锐创新、甘于奉献、执着追求的精神品质，以期对农业科研工作者有所启迪和激励作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| On the 60th anniversary of the success of rice dwarf breeding, the author reviewed the great achievements
made by Academician Huang Yaoxiang , the father of semi-dwarf rice, in the field of rice breeding research. He led the team
to develop the world's first widely used indica dwarf rice variety, Guangchangai, through artificial hybridization in 1959, and
created a new way of rice dwarf breeding. The success of dwarf rice breeding has realized the first leap in rice yield per unit
area, and led the first Green Revolution in agricultural history with dwarf wheat breeding in Mexico together. And it also laid
an important foundation on the research and development of hybrid rice, the second Green Revolution. On the basis of rice
dwarfing breeding, he successively initiated“cross combination and population selection”,“semi-dwarf, early-growing and
super-high yield breeding”,“semi-dwarf, early-growing, deep-rooted and super-high yield (special) quality breeding”
and“super rice breeding”, and established an efficient“group screening method” for the conventional hybridization breeding, and then formed a scientific system of ecological breeding, which has enriched and developed the discipline of rice
breeding. He led the breeding team to develop more than 60 rice varieties, including 15 varieties with an area of more than
66.7×104 hm2. He successively won 15 awards for various scientific and technological achievements at the national, provincial
(ministerial) level, and made great contributions to the increase of grain yield and the progress of rice science and technology
in China. In this paper, we demonstrated Academician Huang Yaoxiang’s thoughts and methods for solving the problems
encountered in rice production, and also summarized his spirit of seeking truth, being practical, sharp, innovative and willing to
dedicate and pursue persistently in rice breeding research by reviewing his major achievements made in rice breeding. |
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