| 黄继川1
，肖志云 2，吴雪娜 1
，涂玉婷，彭智平 1.茶园化肥减量增效技术的推广应用——以广东大埔县为例[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(2):75-82 |
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茶园化肥减量增效技术的推广应用——以广东大埔县为例 |
| Promotion and Application of“Chemical Fertilizer Saving and Efficiency Improving Technology”in Tea Garden —A Case Study of Dabu County, Guangdong Province |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.02.011 |
| 中文关键词: 化肥减量增效 测土配方 有机替代 水肥一体化 技术推广 |
| 英文关键词: chemical fertilizers saving and improving efficiency technology soil testing and formula fertilization organic substitution fertigation technology extension |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目 (2016YFD0200402)；广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金（TS-2-1）；广东省农业科学院院长基金（202045）；2018 年大埔县果菜茶有机肥替代化肥试点县项目 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2299 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】围绕茶叶“化肥零增长”和 “提质增效、绿色发展”的工作主线，集成可推广应用的茶园
化肥减量增效施肥技术。【方法】基于测土配方施肥、有机肥替代化肥和水肥一体化等高效施肥技术在大埔县代
表性茶园建立定位试验点 3 个和应用监测点 14 个，根据试验和监测效果集成茶园化肥减量增效施肥技术，并通过
培训和示范观摩进行推广。【结果】对 3 个试验点调查表明土壤质量明显提升，有机质提高 0.3~2.0 g/kg；土壤酸
化缓解，pH 值提高 0.02~0.18；茶青产量增加 5.2%~17.1%，品质改善明显，种植效益提高 3 960~16 110 元 /hm2。
对监测点调查表明茶园土壤重金属含量符合国家环境一级标准、茶叶重金属含量 100% 符合国家安全标准。通过
技术示范和观摩培训，改变了农户的施肥观念，提高了施肥技术水平，茶园有机肥用量提高 895.5 kg/hm2，化肥
用量减少 184.5 kg/hm2，全县 2018 年化肥用量较 2017 年减少 1 676 t，减幅 8.0%，初步实现了大埔茶园 “化肥
零增长”的目标。推动培育茶叶品牌超过 20 个，新建水肥一体化茶园面积 330 hm2，茶业综合竞争力明显提升。
【结论】基于测土配方、有机替代和水肥一体化的化肥减量增效模式能够有效降低化肥用量，实现茶叶增产提质，
为推动茶叶绿色高效栽培、茶业产业兴旺和乡村振兴提供重要支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Focusing on the main line of“zero growth of chemical fertilizer”and“quality and
performance improvement and green development”for tea industry, the study aimed to integrate an applicable applicationtechnology of saving and improving efficiency of chemical fertilizer in tea garden.【Method】Based on high-efficiency
fertilization technologies such as soil testing and formula recommendation, organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer and
fertigation, three location experiments and fourteen monitoring points were established in the representative tea gardens of
Dabu County. According to the experiment and monitoring results, the technology model of saving and improving efficiency of
chemical fertilizers for tea garden was integrated and promoted through training and demonstration.【Result】Result of the
three location experiments showed that the soil quality was improved, the organic matter was increased by 0.3-2.0 g/kg; the
soil acidification was alleviated and pH was increased by 0.02-0.18. The yield of tea green was increased by 5.2%-17.1% and
the quality was improved, with the planting benefit increased by 3 960-16 110 yuan/hm2. Result of monitoring points showed
that the heavy metal contents of tea garden soils were in line with the first-class national environmental standard, and the
heavy metal contents of tea leaves were all up to the national safety standard. Through technical demonstration and observation
training, the farmers’concept of fertilization was changed, and the fertilization technology level was improved. The organic
fertilizer consumption increased by 895.5 kg/hm2 while the chemical fertilizer consumption decreased by 184.5 kg/hm2 in tea
garden. The chemical fertilizer consumption of Dabu county in 2018 decreased by 1 676, 8.0% reduced compared with that in 2017,
and the goal of“zero growth of chemical fertilizer”in Dabu tea garden was preliminarily achieved. More than 20 tea brands were
cultivated and 330 hm2 of fertigation tea garden were built, and the comprehensive competitiveness of the tea industry was significantly
improved.【Conclusion】The“chemical fertilizer saving and efficiency improving technology”based on soil testing and formula
recommendation, organic fertilizer substitution and fertigation can effectively reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizer, increase
yield and quality of tea, and provide important support for promoting green and efficient tea cultivation, prosperity of tea industry and
revitalization of rural areas. |
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