| 唐延天 1,2，邓 盾 1，李贞明 1，余 苗 1，陈卫东 1,2，马现永 1.畜禽规模化养殖场臭气减排调控技术研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(4):106-113 |
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畜禽规模化养殖场臭气减排调控技术研究进展 |
| Deodorization Technology of Livestock and Poultry Scale Farms |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.04.015 |
| 中文关键词: 畜禽粪便 恶臭 减排调控 除臭技术 生物除臭 |
| 英文关键词: livestock and poultry manure odor emission reduction regulation deodorization technology biological deodorization |
| 基金项目:广东省农业科学院人才项目（201803）；清远市创新创业科研团队项目（2018002）；广东省现代农业产业创新团队（2019KJ115，2019KJ112）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队（2018LM1080） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 畜禽养殖场恶臭来源多样，成分复杂，随着畜禽养殖呈规模化、集约化发展，畜禽粪便污染日益严重。但是随着畜牧业的发展和人们环保意识的提高，对畜禽规模化养殖场的环境要求越来越高，畜禽养殖行业应向绿色生产方式转变。为了降低粪污对环境的污染以及对人畜的危害，对畜禽粪污进行适当的无害化处理显得尤为重要，对畜禽规模化养殖场臭气及减排调控技术的研究具有重要意义。介绍了畜禽规模化养殖场恶臭气体的来源和主要成分，以及恶臭气体的危害和消减控制技术等方面的研究进展，重点讨论了恶臭异位控制技术和原位控制技术，认为微生物除臭技术在畜禽生产中优势明显，对环境适应能力强，应用范围广，并且除臭效果持久，微生物可以大大降解粪便中产生的氨氮、硫化氢等有害物质，消除养殖场内的臭味。虽然生物除臭法有许多优点，但是对某些高浓度恶臭物质的处理有一定局限性。为了促进我国畜禽规模化养殖场的可持续发展，恶臭问题不能单靠某一种除臭技术，只有综合利用多种除臭技术才能取得较好效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The sources of odors in livestock and poultry farms are diverse and the components are complex. With the large-scale and intensive development of livestock and poultry breeding, the pollution of livestock and poultry manure is becoming increasingly serious. However, with the development of animal husbandry and the improvement of people’s environmental protection awareness, the environmental requirements for large-scale livestock and poultry farms are getting higher, and the livestock and poultry breeding industry should shift to green production modes. In order to reduce the pollution of manure to the environment and the harm to humans and animals, it is particularly important to treat the manure of livestock and poultry appropriately. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the odor and emission reduction regulation technology of large-scale livestock farms. This article introduces the research progress in the sources, main components, hazards and reduction control technologies of malodorous gases in large-scale livestock farms. It focuses on the malodorous ectopic control technology and in situ control technology. It is believed that the microbial deodorization technology has evident advantages in livestock and poultry production, with strong ability to adapt to the environment, wide application range, and long-lasting deodorization effect. Microbes can greatly degrade the ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and other harmful substances produced by the manure, and eliminate the odors in the breeding farm. Although the biological deodorization method has many advantages, it has certain limitations to the treatment of some high-concentration malodorous substances. In order to promote the sustainable development of China’s largescale livestock and poultry breeding farms, the solving of odor problems cannot rely on a single deodorization technology, while the comprehensive use of multiple deodorization technologies can achieve better results only. |
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