疏花疏果和硒处理对龙眼果实采收品质与贮藏性的影响

韩冬梅 1; 何雨婷 2; 梁嘉雯 2; 吴振先 2; 李建光 1; 郭栋梁 1; 李保建 3

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韩冬梅 1，何雨婷 2，梁嘉雯 2，吴振先 2，李建光 1，郭栋梁 1，李保建 3.疏花疏果和硒处理对龙眼果实采收品质与贮藏性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(5):111-

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Effects of Flower-and-Fruit Thinning Combined with Selenium Supplementation on the Harvest Quality and Postharvest Storability of Longan Fruit

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.05.014

中文关键词: 疏花疏果增硒单果质量色度品质褐变指数自溶指数多元方差分析

英文关键词: flower-and-fruit thinning Se-supplementation single fruit mass chroma quality browning index pulp autolysis index multivariate analysis of variance.

基金项目:102

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韩冬梅 1，何雨婷 2，梁嘉雯 2，吴振先 2，李建光 1，郭栋梁 1，李保建 3

1. 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 / 农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室 /广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室，广东广州 510640；2. 华南农业大学园艺学院 / 广东省果蔬保鲜重点实验室/ 南方园艺产品保鲜教育部工程中心，广东广州 510642；3. 江门市农业技术服务中心，广东江门 529000

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中文摘要:

【目的】探讨采前疏花疏果对龙眼（Dimocarpus longan Lour.）果实采收品质与采后贮藏性的影响，以及补施硒肥的增效作用。【方法】以石硖龙眼为材料，设无疏花疏果对照（A）、疏花疏果（B）、疏花疏果+ 硒肥（C）3 个处理，3 个区组，比较各处理与区组间果实采收品质和采后 5℃低温贮藏的效果。【结果】采收时，处理 B 果实单果质量、大小、外观色度品质和果肉 TSS 含量分别比对照提高 19.66%、7.54%、-7.24%（a*值）和 8.62%；处理 C 增效作用不明显，但果实采收品质依然优于对照。贮藏后，处理 B 显著提高了果实贮藏性，贮藏 35 d 果皮褐变指数和贮藏 51 d 果肉自溶指数分别比对照降低 28.26% 和 71.67%，而处理 C 增效作用不明显。贮藏期间，处理 B 果实保持了较好的外观品质，偏黄绿色，处理 C 果实偏褐色，而对照偏暗褐色。多元方差分析结果表明，不同处理多变量检验结果表现显著，是影响果实采收品质与贮藏效果的主要因素；区组间无差异。处理方式影响显著的指标有褐变指数、自溶指数、低温 b* 值和单果质量；区组影响显著的指标有低温 b* 值和 C* 值。【结论】疏花疏果处理效果最好，补硒处理在一定程度上降低了果实采收品质与贮藏性，但差异不显著；区组设置不影响处理间果实的贮藏性与内外品质差异。疏花疏果是提高龙眼果实采收与贮藏品质的一项重要措施。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The study was to investigate the effects of preharvest flower-and-fruit thinning on the harvest quality and postharvest storability of longan（Dimocarpus longan Lour.）fruit, and the synergistic effect of selenium（Se）supplementation on it.【Methods】With Longan fruit cv. Shixia as the material, 3 treatments were designed: control（TR-A, no thinning）, flower-and-fruit thinning（TR-B）, TR-B plus Se-fertilizer treatment（TR-C），and 3 blocks were repeated. The fruit harvest quality among different treatments and blocks and postharvest storability at 5℃ were compared.【Results】At harvest, for the longan fruits treated with thinning（TR-B）, the single fruit mass, size, apparent chroma quality and TSS content of longan fruit increased by 19.66%, 7.54%, -7.24%（a*value）and 8.62%, respectively. The fruit harvest quality of TR-C was better than that of the control（TR-A）, but its synergistic effect was not obvious. After storage, TR-B significantly improved the storability of longan fruit stored at 5℃（P ＜ 0.05）, featured with pericarp browning index（35 d）and pulp autolysis index（51 d）decreasing by 28.26% and 71.67%, respectively. However, the synergistic effect of TR-C was not obvious. During storage, TR-B fruit maintained better appearance quality with more yellowish green, TR-C tended to be brown, while TR-A tended to be dark brown. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the storability of longan fruit among different treatments was significant with P ＝ 0.016, 0.032 and 0.002 below 0.05 resulted from three multivariable tests, while not significant between 3 blocks. The indicators with significant effects between treatments included pericarp browning index, pulp autolysis index, b* value during storage and single fruit mass; and the indicators with significant effects between blocks included b* value and C* value during storage.【Conclusion】The effect of flower-and-fruit thinning on the harvest quality and storability of longan fruit was the best, but the synergistic effect of Se-supplement treatment was not obvious, and block setting had no significant impact on the fruit properties with different treatments. So, flower-and-fruit thinning is an important measure to improve the harvest and storage quality of longan fruit.

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