基于枝条、叶和花的油梨种质表型多样性分析

郑　斌 1; 施晓龙 2; 邹明宏 1

文章摘要

郑　斌 1，施晓龙 2，邹明宏 1.基于枝条、叶和花的油梨种质表型多样性分析[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(9):37-46

查看全文 HTML 基于枝条、叶和花的油梨种质表型多样性分析

Analysis on Phenotypic Diversity of Avocado Germplasms Based on Branches, Leaves and Flowers

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.09.005

中文关键词: 油梨种质资源表型多样性偏相关分析聚类分析

英文关键词: avocado germplasm resources phenotypic diversity partial correlation analysis cluster analysis

基金项目:农业农村部物种品种资源保护费项目（125163006000160004）

作者	单位
郑　斌 1，施晓龙 2，邹明宏 1	1. 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 / 国家热带果树种质资源圃 /农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室，广东湛江 524091；2. 云南农业大学热带作物学院，云南普洱 665099

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中文摘要:

【目的】明确当前粤西已收集油梨种质资源的表型多样性，加强油梨种质资源的利用。【方法】以保存于国家热带果树种质资源圃的 53 份油梨种质资源为试验材料，采用偏相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法，对油梨的 7 个质量性状（叶形、叶缘、叶尖形状、叶片颜色、叶面状态、花型、叶柄凹槽）和 12 个数量性状（枝条粗度、节间长度、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数、叶柄长度、花序侧轴长度、花序宽度、花序主轴长度、花梗长度、花瓣长度、萼片长度）进行调查分析。【结果】已收集油梨种质资源表型性状多样性丰富，质量性状与数量性状的多样性指数范围分别在 0.094~1.228 和 1.373~1.921 之间，表明油梨数量性状相对质量性状多样性更丰富。19 个油梨表型性状间呈极显著相关的有 29 对，呈显著相关的 21 对。主成分分析表明，6 个主成分因子的累计贡献率达 72.396%，其中叶柄长度、枝条粗度、花瓣长度、花序侧轴长度、叶缘和叶面状态为主要性状。聚类分析显示，当欧氏距离为 15 时，可将 53 份油梨种质资源分为 4 大组群，组群Ⅰ花序较小，组群Ⅱ枝条粗度最粗，组群Ⅲ叶宽最窄，组群Ⅳ花序侧轴长度最长。【结论】粤西已收集保存的 53 份油梨资源的表型多样性丰富，调查的 19 个表型性状间有一定的相关性，其中叶柄长度、枝条粗度、花瓣长度、花序侧轴长度、叶缘和叶面状态可作为油梨资源评价及育种的主要指标。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The study was conducted to identify the phenotypic diversity of avocado germplasms collected from western Guangdong, and improve the utilization of avocado germplasm resources.【Method】fifty-three avocado germplasm resources preserved in the National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruits were used as test materials. Partial correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify 7 quality traits （leaf shape, leaf margin, blade tip shape, leaf color, leaflet form, flower type, and petiole groove） and 12 quantitative traits （branch diameter, internode length, blade length, blade width, leaf index, petiole length, inflorescence cross length, inflorescence width, inflorescence rachis length, flower stem length, petal length, and sepal length）.【Result】Avocado was rich in phenotypic trait diversity, and the genetic diversity indexes of quality traits and quantitative traits ranged in 0.094-1.228 and 1.373.22-1.921, respectively, which indicated that the diversity of quantitative traits was richer than that of quality traits. Twenty-nine pairs were extremely significantly correlated and Twenty-nine pairs were significantly correlated among the 19 phenotypic traits. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the 6 principal component factors was 72.396%, and petiole length, branch diameter, petal length, inflorescence cross length, leaf margin and leaflet form were selected as the main traits. Cluster analysis showed that the 53 tested materials could be divided into 4 groups when the Euclidean distance was 15. The inflorescences of avocado germplasm resources in Group I were smaller, the branch diameters of avocado germplasm resources in Group II were the largest, the blade widths of avocado germplasm resources in Group III were the narrowest, and the inflorescence cross lengths of avocado germplasm resources in Group IV were llongest.【Conclusion】The phenotypic trait diversity of the 53 avocado germplasm resources collected and preserved in western Guangdong was rich, and there were some correlations among the 19 investigated phenotypic traits, among which the petiole length, branch diameter, petal length, inflorescence cross length, leaf margin and leaflet form could be used as the main traits for the evaluation and breeding of avocado.

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