| 黄巧义 1，黄 旭 1，唐拴虎 1，杜建军 2，张 木 1，李 苹1，付弘婷 1.广州市郊稻田氮肥减施的产量和氮肥利用效率分析[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(9):66-72 |
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广州市郊稻田氮肥减施的产量和氮肥利用效率分析 |
| Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Paddy Field in Suburb of Guangzhou |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.09.009 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 氮肥减施 氮肥利用率 产量 有机肥 缓释氮肥 |
| 英文关键词: rice nitrogen reduction nitrogen utilization efficiency yield organic fertilizer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503123）；广州市科技计划项目产学研协同创新重大专项（201704020187）；广东省农业科学院学科团队建设项目（粤农科〔2016〕95 号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究氮肥减施措施对水稻产量、田面水氮含量和氮肥施用效率的影响，为广州市水稻氮肥减施提供技术支持和理论参考。【方法】在广州市郊开展水稻田间试验，设不施氮（CK）、常规分次施肥（CF）、缓释氮肥减施 25% 分次施用（SFT）、缓释氮肥减施 25% 一次施用（SFB）、缓释氮肥减施 25%并结合有机替代一次施用（SFB+OS）5 个施肥处理，分析不同施肥处理的田面水氮含量、水稻产量和氮肥利用效率。【结果】SFB 处理的田间水氮含量在移栽后 3 d 高于 CF 处理，之后迅速降低，并保持较低的水平；SFT 处理和 SFB+OS 处理的田面水氮含量在移栽后 1 周与 CF 处理基本一致，之后均显著低于 CF 处理。施氮处理的水稻秸秆和籽粒的氮含量显著高于不施氮处理，减氮处理对水稻秸秆和籽粒氮含量没有显著影响；与CF 处理相比，不同减氮处理对水稻籽粒产量没有显著影响。减氮施肥处理的氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥生理利用率显著高于常规施肥处理，其增幅分别达到 35.16%、33.58% 和 16.84%，其中 SFB+OS 处理增幅最大。【结论】缓释氮肥减施 25% 分次施用和缓释氮肥减施 25% 结合有机替代一次性基施均可显著提高氮肥施用效率，降低稻田氮素流失风险（尤其是 SFB+OS 处理），且水稻产量与常规施肥持平，是广州市郊水稻实现氮肥减施的有效技术措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the effects of reducing nitrogen （N） application measures on rice yield, N content in water and N application efficiency, and provide technical support and theoretical references for rice N fertilizer reduction in Guangzhou.【Method】Field experiment was carried out to analyze the effect of reduced application of slow-release nitrogen on N content in surface water, rice yield and N fertilizer utilization efficiency in the suburb of Guangzhou. Five treatments, namely, no nitrogen （CK）, conventional split fertilization （CF）, split application of slow-release fertilizer with N reduced by 25% （SFT）, one-off fertilization of slow-release fertilizer with N reduced by 25% （SFB）, and one-off fertilization of slow-release fertilizer with N reduced by 25% + organic substitution （SFB+OS）, were set.【Result】The N content in surface water after transplanting for 3 days under SFB treatment was higher than that under CF treatment, but then decreased quickly and remained at a relatively low level. The N contents in surface water under SFT treatment and SFB + OS treatment were similar with that under CF treatment after transplanting for 7 days, and then were significantly lower than that under CF treatment. The N contents of rice straw and grains under N fertilization treatments were significantly higher than that under CK treatment. Reduced N application had no obvious effect on N contents of rice straw and grains. Compared with CF treatment, different N reduction treatments had no significant effect on yields of rice grains. The agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and physiological utilization rate of N fertilizer under N reduction treatments were significantly higher than those under CF treatment, with the increased rates of 35.16%, 33.58% and 16.84%, respectively,
among which the maximum increased rate was obtained under SFB+OS treatment.【Conclusion】SFT and SFB+OS treatments could improve the N utilization efficiency and reduce the risk of nitrogen loss on the premise of ensuring rice yield （especially for SFB+OS treatment）, which were the effective technical measures for rice N fertilizer reduction in the suburb of Guangzhou. |
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