| 李少雄，洪彦彬，陈小平，梁炫强.广东花生生产、育种和种业现状与发展对策[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(11):78-83 |
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广东花生生产、育种和种业现状与发展对策 |
| Present Situation and Development Strategies of Peanut Production, Breeding and Seed Industry in Guangdong |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.11.009 |
| 中文关键词: 花生 抗病育种 种业 对策 |
| 英文关键词: peanut breeding seed industry present situation countermeasure |
| 基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目（2019KJ136）；广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金（高水平农科院建设）- 人才项目（R2018PY-JX001）；广东省乡村振兴战略专项（2019-73） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1553 |
| 全文下载次数: 1423 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 花生是广东第二大农作物，种植面积仅次于水稻，常年保持在30万~35万hm2之间，居全国第3位，仅次于河南、山东。对广东花生生产、育种及种业现状进行综述，并对存在问题及发展对策进行分析。生产方面，广东花生种植面积基本稳定，单产水平逐年增加，总产稳步上升，但种植规模小、机械化程度低限制了广东花生生产空间；育种方面，高产育种实现三次突破，抗青枯病和锈病育种取得空前成功，但在高油酸、高油、鲜食加工型品种的培育上仍存在不足；种业方面，广东是华南最主要的花生种子生产和销售基地，但种业模式仍相对落后，完全达不到现代化标准。针对存在问题，提出相应的对策建议：（1）将花生纳入种植补贴，鼓励花生种植，扩大花生面积；（2）提高机械化种植水平，降低劳动成本；（3）加快多元化育种，满足市场需求；（4）加大新品种推广力度，进一步提高花生单产；（5）加大种业执法力度，确保种业的良性发展；（6）南种北繁，提高制种效率和质量，降低制种成本。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Peanut is the second large crop in Guangdong Province, the cultivated area of which ranks only second to that of rice, perennially maintaining at 300 000~350 000 hectares, and ranks the third nationwide, after Henan and Shandong. The present situation of peanut production, breeding and seed industry was reviewed, and the existing problems and development countermeasures were discussed. In terms of production, the peanut cultivated area in Guangdong kept at a stable level, the unit yield increased gradually, total yield increased steadily, but the small planting scale and low mechanization degree restricted the scope of peanut production. In terms of breeding, the high-yield breeding project realized three breakthroughs, unprecedented successes were achieved in the resistance breeding of bacter ial wilt and rust disease, however, the variety with high oleic acid, high oil and fit for eating and processing was still insufficient. In terms of seed industry, Guangdong was the most primary base of peanut seed production and marketing in south China, but the relatively backward development mode of peanut seed industry could not reach the modernized standard. In regard to the above-mentioned problems, some development countermeasures were proposed as follows: （1） subsidy for peanut planting should be brought into the government schedule of agricultural subsidy, encouraging peanut planting and expanding the planting area; （2） improving the mechanization level of planting and decreasing the labor cost; （3） accelerating the process of diversified breeding to meet the market demand; （4） enhancing the promotion of new peanut varieties and further improving the unit yield; （5） strengthening law enforcement to ensure the virtuous development of seed industry; （6） creating a propagation system for south peanut varieties to be cultivated in north regions, improving the efficiency, quality, and reducing the cost of seed production. |
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